Aim. To substantiate the approaches to activating export transactions in the market of pig breeding products, determining the indicators of competitiveness of the main kinds of meat and relative competitiveness of pig breeding products in the leading countries based on the identifi cation of factors, restraining the export of Ukrainian pig breeding products, and elaborating the suggestions on eliminating their negative impact on the dynamics of foreign economic activity in the industry. Methods. The methodological approaches of the study were based on the information about the volumes of foreign trade, mainly used for international comparison and determined for each commodity or commodity group. The Relative Export Advantage Index (RXA), the Relative Import Penetration Index (RMP) and the Relative Trade Advantage Index (RTA) were determined while estimating competitive advantages of pig breeding products. The study involved a comprehensive comparative analysis of the main kinds of meat products in the external market using the model of “food independence – competitiveness”. The index of food independence was used along with the generalizing index of competitiveness for some kinds of meat products – the modi- fi ed Balassa index. It was determined that it was reasonable to determine the level of food independence based on food self- production within the range of 70–80 % from the commodity resources of the domestic food market. Our study involved the data of the informational database of the State Statistics Service of Ukraine and FAO regarding the volume of export-import of pig breeding production. Results. It has been proven that there are no competitive advantages of Ukraine’s pig breeding produc- tion in external markets; there is insuffi cient food independence on the background of potential advantages for the expansion of export, in particular, that of cheap fodder and logistics. A considerable decrease in the exchange rate for hryvnia compared to foreign currencies of the leading countries creates prerequisites for successful promotion of Ukrainian pork both in domestic and foreign markets. The need of monitoring the implementation of food independence criteria and diversifi cation of export specialization of the country was substantiated. In the long-term perspective, it is reasonable to optimize the level of protection for the market of pig breeding products, to stimulate domestic production, to distribute the instruments of state support for the “green box”. It has been proven that the main directions of supporting the export of domestic agrarian products should become as follows: facilitating export procedures; expanding assortment and accessibility of fi nancial services; developing the support- ing infrastructure; informational support for exporters; conducting research and implementing support programs; the activity of the system of credit-insurance institute and trade representations should be carried out in a single complex via determining the potential market and fi nancial-insurance support for the export. Conclusions. The method of two-criteria analysis of the status of domestic market for meat products based on the indices of food safety and international competitiveness has been developed and tested which will promote complex estimation of positions of some kinds of commodities in external market. The model of two-criteria analysis allows substantiating effective instruments of state regulation and protecting the relevant market of prod- ucts. The method of two-criteria analysis of meat products is universal, i.e. it may be used to determine the positions of different commodity groups in the external market. The evaluation of competitiveness of the main kinds of meat products – pork, beef and poultry meat – demonstrated the absence of competitive advantages of pig breeding production in external markets and insuf- fi cient food independence. The factors, restraining the expansion of pork export, were systematized and divided into three main groups: technological; normative and regulatory; veterinary, and the ways of eliminating them were specifi ed. The measures of creating favorable export-institutional environment were elaborated and the main directions of supporting export of domestic pig breeding production were suggested.
The purpose. To assess operation of swine breeding as a branch in the Soviet period and on the basis of generalization of that experience to offer practical recommendations on overgrowth of volumes of production in present time. Methods. Abstract-logical, statistical observation, comparison, statistical series, expert assessments. Results. It is fixed that during 1917 -1991 in Ukraine the swine breeding developed in two directions: industrial -in collective farms and state farms, and personal -in personal peasant farms. It is fixed that in the midpoint of 1970th almost each neighbouring commune has 1 -2 specialized pig-growing farms, and in some oblasts industrial complexes with the complete cycle of fattening. Conclusions. In the post-war period the swine breeding became one of branches of anima l husbandry that ensured all classes of the population with meat food. The basis of scientific development of this branch which integrator was Research institute of swine breeding is included. However, because of negative aftereffects of agrarian reform industrial production of products of swine breeding has actually been destroyed, and personal peasant farms are oriented exclusively on self-provision.
The article considers the problems of development of breeding pig breeding in Ukraine as a basis for the functioning of efficient and competitive commodity production. According to the results of the study, with the reform of agricultural production, commodity pig farming suffered significant losses, which had a negative impact on the efficient operation of breeding farms, especially breeders. The main reasons for the intensification of destructive phenomena in the field of breeding pig farming are the unstable level of purchase prices for pig products, low profitability and unprofitable production. It is obvious that the organization of the domestic selection system has a significant impact on reducing the cost and increasing the profitability of pig production, ensuring the quality and competitiveness of breeding (genetic) resources. The results of scientific research show that a significant increase in productivity in pig breeding is achieved through the effect of heterosis in interbreeding, and it is proved that under favorable conditions, the effect of crossbreeding is on average live weight gain of about 10-15% and feed payment 8- 10%. It is proved that to date there has been no clear pattern of a positive trend of change in the yield of piglets per sow in breeding pigs. Analysis of the procedure for receiving funds under the state program for partial reimbursement of the cost of breeding animals purchased for further reproduction shows that in 2017 compensation for breeding pigs and boars of domestic origin ("elite" class) was 20% of the planned due to lack of state budget funds for appropriate measures . In 2018, this amount of compensation was increased to UAH 5,000 per head. It was found that the unit cost of live weight of a breeding animal in 2017 was 2-2.5 times higher than in commercial pig farms. The high cost of production of breeding animals is due to higher feed costs due to components of the diet of mainly foreign production. It is obvious that the difficult financial situation determines the low investment attractiveness of the breeding pig industry for both domestic and foreign investors. Key words: breeding pig breeding, animal productivity, breeding breeders, market dynamics, import of breeding pigs, production cost, state support programs.
Purpose. The aim of the article is the development of scientifically substantiated proposals for state support of pig production in Ukraine, which will meet the needs of the domestic market and increase exports. Methodology of research. During the research, general scientific and special methods of economic research were used, in particular: system approach - in studying the connections between phenomena and processes in the system of ensuring the effective development of pig breeding; grouping - to determine the impact of various factors on the level of efficiency of pig production and its quality; comparative - to compare economic processes in pork production in different time periods in order to identify the cause-and-effect relationship; dialectical, abstract and logical - in the implementation of theoretical generalizations, the formation of conclusions. The calculation and constructive method was used in determining the strategic priorities for the development of pig production in agricultural enterprises, substantiation of instruments of state support for pig production. Findings. It is established that the strategic priority of pig production is the introduction of environmentally friendly resource-saving technologies for keeping and feeding pigs, intensive use of the breeding herd and new biotechnological techniques to improve the viability of piglets, energy saving and energy efficiency programs, farm biosafety. Originality. Methodological approaches to substantiation of assessment of potential opportunities of agricultural enterprises in improving the efficiency of pig production and, accordingly, strengthening their market position by calculating an integrated indicator, which includes: market share in the structure of sales, production and livestock, cost indices, profitability, prices, specialization, productivity of pigs, on the basis of which the following groups are distinguished: leaders, enterprises with a strong competitive position, with a weak competitive position, outsiders. Practical value. The results of grouping enterprises on the basis of the calculation of the integrated indicator can be the basis for making management decisions to improve the efficiency of enterprises as a whole. Thus, agricultural enterprises producing pig products with a weak competitive position can increase production efficiency and strengthen their position, provided appropriate technological modernization of the production process, attracting investment in creating their own processing facilities and branded trade, development of organic pigs, as well as integration with meat processing enterprises, trade establishments. Achieving effective pig farming in outsider agricultural enterprises is possible under the condition of technical re-equipment of the production process on an innovative basis, reduction of the cost level due to internal reserves, exit from business; merger with a more powerful competitor. Key words: pig breeding, state support, integrated assessment, agricultural enterprise, competitiveness.
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