This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Springer Verlag via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-016-9743-8Innovation is one of the key attributes that sets the entrepreneurs apart from the rest of self-employed people. This paper attempts to distinguish between these two categories by means of exploring the determinants of process innovation in small businesses using a survey of self-employed workers in Andalusia, Spain. The theoretical framework adopted distinguishes between three types of factors affecting the innovative activities: (1) personal characteristics of the self-employed, (2) business characteristics and (3) the characteristics of the external environment. A Heckman-type model of the extent of process innovation that accounts for sample selection bias is estimated.authorsversionPeer reviewe
In this study, we analyse the relationship between migration and inequality, within a network setting. Specifically, we employ social network analysis to investigate whether migration flows move between countries with similar or dissimilar levels of income and inequality, across 41 European countries. We observe that emigration flows move between more unequal to less unequal countries and find indications of two migration regimes: one reflecting the movement predominantly between EU-15 member states and another propelled by per-capita income differences for the migrants from other countries in Europe. As the first study to investigate the relationship between inequality and migration flows within a network, rather than considering the flows as unrelated to each other, it significantly contributes to our understanding of the complex relationship between inequality and migration.
Like many Indigenous people around the world, the original inhabitants of Peninsular Malaysia, the Orang Asli, live predominantly in marginal, remote areas, and have belowaverage levels of education, health and living standards.Their customary reliance on natural forest resources and assets to support their livelihood is threatened by modernization and conversion of land for commercial crops.The main challenge facing the Orang Asli communities has been maintaining this livelihood against encroaching land conversion projects. The weakness of land rights, remoteness and limited access to public services and economic opportunities appear to be major contributors to deprivation. The perspective of spatial justice provides an important conceptual tool to explore spatial and territorial problems facing the Orang Asli. The objective of our study is to document and analyse the life experiences of the Orang Asli, interpreting it through the lens of spatial justice to inform policymaking. A participatory approach using focus groups and participant observation reveals the lived experience of Orang Asli in two villages in Pahang State of Malaysia. The findings of Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) reveal the multiple
Formation of new administrative-territorial entities defines a need to innovative approach to managing. Is it possible to facilitate development processes with the means of the local community? Objective: to substantiate the expediency of using the cluster approach in the administration and possibility of its practical implementation in smart-community. We make a sociological survey of 800 rural residents in 6 regions of Ukraine. Study period 2013–2017. The outcome of the study is an integrated cluster-creative approach through the practice of patina management and inclusive development. Most fully he found his manifestation in the conditions of tribal estates and tribal settlements.
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