Анализ результатов эпизоотического мониторинга вирусной диареи (болезни слизистых крупного рогатого скота) на территории Российской Федерации за 2021 год РЕЗЮМЕ Актуальность. Вирусная диарея -болезнь слизистых крупного рогатого скота -широко распространена во всем мире, в том числе и в России. Вирус вызывает иммуносупрессию, патологию желудочно-кишечного и респираторного тракта. Но наибольший экономический ущерб складывается изза выбраковки телок и лактирующих коров в результате возникновения патологий репродуктивной системы. Заболевание внесено в «Перечень заразных и иных болезней животных», утвержденный приказом № 62 Министерства сельского хозяйства Российской Федерации (от 9 марта 2011 года (с изменениями от25 сентября 2020 года)). Методы. На основании данных, полученных из официальных отчетов государственных ветеринарных лабораторий по форме 4-вет (годовая) за 2021 год, предоставляемых в ФГБУ ЦНМВЛ, проведен анализ эпизоотической ситуации и циркуляции вируса вирусной диареи -болезни слизистых крупного рогатого скота -в животноводческих хозяйствах РФ. Результаты. В статье представлены результаты эпизоотологического мониторинга, проведенного на территории Российской Федерации в 2021 году. В государственные ветеринарные лаборатории поступило на исследование более 50 тыс. образцов биологического и патологического материалов. Преимущественно в лаборатории поступала сыворотка крови для исследования на наличие постинфекционных и поствакцинальных антител методом ИФА. Выявлено 5244 положительных результата в 26 субъектах. Наиболее напряженная эпизоотическая ситуация сложилась в Центральном и Северо-Кавказском федеральных округах (49% и 38% положительных результатов от общего количества положительных случаев соответственно).
Relevance. Currently, rabies is registered in almost all countries of the world and is included in the list of dangerous viral diseases. According to WHO estimates, more than 50,000 people die from hydrophobia in the world every year. The urgency of the problem is also associated with the huge economic costs of prevention and antiepizootic measures. Annual rabies monitoring is an important link in the chain of epizootic situation improvement. Based on its results, a further strategy for the prevention and control of rabies is being built.Methods. The assessment of the epizootic situation in the Russian Federation for rabies in 2020 was carried out based on the results of the analysis of data from annual reports in the 4-vet form provided by state veterinary laboratories to the FSBI CNMVL.Results. Annual rabies epizootic monitoring is carried out throughout the territory of the Russian Federation. In 2020, 1517 positive results were obtained. Of these, 47% of cases are in pets (dogs, cats), 43% — on wild animals, 9% — on agricultural animals. Unfavorable items were recorded in 61 constituent entities of the Russian Federation. The most tense epizootic situation has developed in the Central Federal District and the Privolzhskiy Federal District (603 and 505 positive cases respectively).
Relevance. According to WHO, rabies is common on all continents except Antarctica. More than 55 thousand people die from it every year in the world. According to the Veterinary and Life information portal, up to 10 cases of human rabies are recorded in Russia every year. In 2020, according to statistical reports, 7 deaths were recorded (two of them in children under 17 years old), in 2021 — 6. In 2021, more than 333 thousand people applied for help to medical institutions after being bitten and attacked by animals. In most cases (68.5%) — it was dog attacks.Methods. Based on the data obtained from official reports in the 4-vet (annual) form for 2021, provided by state veterinary laboratories, the Federal State Budgetary Institution TsNMVL analyzed the epizootic situation and the prevalence of rabies in the Russian Federation.Results. On the territory of most subjects of the Russian Federation, an unfavorable situation for rabies persists. The disease is registered in all federal districts. The number of people turning to medical institutions for anti-rabies help is increasing. Human deaths are recorded every year. There is a high level of morbidity among animals. As a result of annual epizootic monitoring for 2021, 1189 positive results were obtained. Of these, 47% of cases occur in pets (dogs, cats), 44% — in wild animals, 9% — in farm animals. Unfavorable locations were recorded in 63 subjects of the Russian Federation. The tensest epizootic situation has developed in the Volga Federal District and the Central Federal District (385 and 257 positive cases, respectively).
Дана сравнительная характеристика серологических методов лабораторной диагностики вируса лейкоза крупного рогатого скота. Проведена оценка нескольких коммерческих тест-систем ИФА по критериям специфичности, чувствительности и воспроизводимости с использованием референтных образцов, соответствующих стандартам OIE (МЭБ).This article presents a comparative study of serological methods for laboratory diagnostics of bovine leukemia virus. Several commercial ELISA test were evaluated for specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability using reference samples which meets OIE standards.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.