In the article research results are presented, the aim of which is to provide high quality and reliability while using heat-protective structures for machines and people. Textile materials perform important function contacting moisture in the atmosphere. Results of moist environment textile structure and properties research are also presented here. It was established that multilayer structure with free elementary cells, including knitwear, for the purposes of barrier maintenance of moisture level is not sufficient. Based on the performed experimental research, new characteristics and properties pattern defining behavior of materials while contacting liquids (wetting, capillarity, moisture, hygroscopy) are established. Recommendations relating to groups and samples of textile materials are given. The research was made in Don State Technical University within the framework of State Assignment of the Ministry of education and science of Russia under the project 11.9194.2017/BCh.
The article presents data on the influence of the marine environment on textile materials. Aggressive components of the marine environment that contact the surface of clothing (sea salt and oil) are justified. Sea salt is an integral part of seawater. It accumulates in the clothing structure. Oil is included in the components of seawater in emergency situations at offshore oil and petroleum products and sea transport facilities. This leads to a change in the properties of textile materials, which depend on the concentration of aggressive components in the structure of textile materials. The active concentration of aggressive components in textiles is determined by its ability to absorb liquid. Specific features of changing the volume of various textile fibers during interaction with liquids are established. Structure of sea salt and the chemical composition of oil. This determines the change in the properties of the textile in contact with them. The structure of sea salt and the chemical composition of oil is justified. This determines the change in the properties of textiles. As a result of the systematization of modern data on clothing materials that are used in marine technology, the information base of the leading modern fibrous materials for protective clothing was formed. The reference materials for research are allocated. It was found that the presence of sea salt in a moist contact medium with a surface of a special fabric on a cotton basis for all samples of materials led to a decrease in their capillarity. It has been established that packages of materials based on mixed-fiber fabrics have permeability parameters with respect to crude oil below the cotton garment surfaces. The application in combination with such materials of holofiber insulation reduces the level of saturation of clothing with the liquids examined. The article presents experimental data on the permeability of sea water and oil in special materials for clothing. The work was supported by the Ministry of Education and Science of Russia in the Don State Technical University within the framework of the State task 2017-2019 under the project No. 11.9194.2017/БЧ.
In the article research results are presented, which aim to verification of thermal models in the design of personal protective equipment against cold. Under the effect of wind, movement, and pressure of the human being himself on the clothing, the design thermal resistance of the clothing decreases and does not provide the stable human comfort. To eliminate such risks, special heated garments are being developed, which are fitted with electric batteries. The basis for such a development is the mathematical model of the system “Human-Clothes-Environment”, which allows to establish the main parameters of the heating intensity of each individual section of the clothing, taking into account the overall functioning of the system. Such a model has been developed. The problems of verification of thermal models for designing if the clothing are associated with the assessment of experimental data on the parameters of the system under study. A structure for the formation of a method for experimental verification of the models of thermal protective clothing has been developed. Design of experimental protective clothing against cold with heating based on a mathematical model has been developed. The ratio of feelings of thermal comfort and temperature under heated clothing of small thickness under wind load, cold and lack of physical activity has been installed.
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