The article deals with gaining some ideas and skills that an investor might use to choose the best opportunities in the market from among the thousands of options concentrated in the transport industry. The authors are also trying to build up a standard set of tools that make up the core of every stock analyst’s tool box. From the practical perspective, the ideas and techniques in the discussion part will be useful for analysing just every possible investment. A special focus in the article has been made on the transportation companies struggling with the consequences of the corona-crisis of 2020.
In this paper, the approaches to optimizing the environmental management system at pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises and the environmental policy of pharmaceutical corporations in general were proposed. In the course of the study, it has turned out that the indicators of the negative impact on the environment as a result of the economic activities of industrial pharmaceutical enterprises do not take into account all the specific features of technological processes. At modern pharmaceutical enterprises, direct environmental risks are minimized at working areas and, in fact, their assessment is replaced by the calculation of barrier and isolation measures, which is in the competence of calculating sanitary and epidemiological risks only for employees of enterprises. In the course of pre-design, design work and the creation of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, owing to the requirements and mandatory application of GxP, in fact, the negative impact on the environment at the enterprise itself within the boundaries of its sanitary zone is reduced to zero. However, a number of questions remain to be resolved, including how and to what extent a pharmaceutical business entity, in the course of its activities, causes a negative impact on the environment outside its location. With this article, we begin series of publications of the results of our research in the direction of multilateral analysis of environmental risks in pharmaceutical organizations of different profiles and groups of pharmaceutical companies, united into separate corporate companies. Compared to those approaches to assessing environmental risks as a result of the activities of pharmaceutical manufacturing enterprises, which are mainly focused on meeting the GxP requirements and relate to the quality of manufactured pharmaceutical products, we propose to take into account information with an emphasis, inter alia, on the energy saving policy of the Russian pharmaceutical industry. The main goal of an integrated approach to the development of environmental policy and environmental management system in the pharmaceutical industry is for the management of manufacturing enterprises to comprehensively monitor and assess all environmental risks and energy conservation, in particular, taking into account the provision of energy efficiency to reduce the negative impact on the environment.
The purpose of the research is to offer a comparative analysis of a libertarian and gradual approach to introducing a market interest rate. The topic is time-relevant since the economies of the emerging markets today face difficult challenges posed by economic, financial and health-care crises, impending price stability, future growth and money market equilibrium. A digital currency is a special issue today due to the outbreak of covid-19, which has made many central banks think about contactless means of payment. The author revealed policy tools to circulate a hypothetical digital currency for the BRICS, including a shared interest rate and the quantity of digital money in circulation needed for the penta-lateral use. The theoretical significance is that the research tries to lay the foundation for a model to launch a virtual regional money market for the countries of the BRICS as well as their partners in wider parts of Europe and Asia. In practical terms, the article recommends a number of tools for monetary policy to deal with the coronavirus crisis of 2020.
The research is relevant as it defnes the optimal level of taxation for the BRCS members in the frames of consensual tax, budgetary and fscal policy in order to achieve the sustainable rate of economic growth, balanced development, moderate rates of inflation, high volume of production, balance of current account and low unemployment. The development of the BRICS countries as a new model of integration and inclusive development in the globalizing economy requires consensual macroeconomic policy. The author hypothesizes that consensual macroeconomic (tax and budgetary policy) may contribute to the harmonization of national economies of the BRICS members by parameters of an integration model proposed in the article. As a result of economic and mathematical modeling there were drafted the curves of the BRICS members’ budget revenue and expenditure. The author identifes the optimal weighted average tax rates to establish the balance. The graphic method is used to demonstrate the influence of tax, budgetary and fscal policy of the BRICS members on national economies and combined effect of its implementation. The practical importance of the research lies in identifying the optimal level of taxation which makes it possible to balance the BRICS members’ budgets. The calculation of the effectiveness of consensual tax, budgetary and fscal policy of the BRICS members is made on the basis of comparative analysis of the variants of fnancing the budget defcit by own means and the sources of hypothetical common debt market. The article proves that functioning of common market of debt fnance is optimal for the BRICS members on condition of using comparative advantage of China in providing credit resources to the members of the group. The theoretical signifcance of the results is the development of the methodology of harmonization of tax, budgetary and fscal policy of the BRICS members using gradual approach as opposite to“shock therapy” scenario.
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