The article considers the peculiarities of the formulation of the essence of open innovation and the differences in the manifestation of this phenomenon in accordance with the differences in conditions and objectives. The analysis of differences in the author's definitions of the phenomenon of open innovation, their advantages and disadvantages indicating, on the one hand, the process of evolution and complexity of this phenomenon, and on the other hand – the incompleteness of the author's definitions, which indicates the need to improve the methodological framework. The purpose of this work is to investigate the characteristics of open innovation as a complex holistic phenomenon, the complexity of which requires the creation of a new typology for its correct multilateral assessment. Theoretical and methodological basis of the study are the fundamental provisions of economic theory, scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists, including scientists on the creation of methodology and innovation. During the study the following methods were used: systematic approach (to study the essence of open innovations), comprehensive approach (to find differences in the manifestation of open innovations), graph-table method (for clarity and formalization of the processed information), evaluation (to assess the correctness of the sources under study). The authors emphasize that basically open innovations solve the problems of conventional innovations, but the nature of interaction of subjects of the innovation process in open innovations is not completely identical to conventional (closed) innovations. Therefore, the existing classification of conventional innovations can complement the classification of open innovations, but the novelty and complexity of the innovation process of open innovations, including the innovation funnel, requires the creation of a new typology. The article proposes an approach to the formation of a typology of open innovations, which is represented by a conceptual knowledge structure that systematically accumulates the differences of open innovations. This approach is defined on the basis of the study of modern scientific approaches to the essence and characteristics of open innovations.
The paper considers the essence, properties and tasks of innovation infrastructure, including the level of theoretical maturity of scientific research in the marketing management of innovation infrastructure. The insufficient level of systematic study of the phenomenon of market infrastructure in the market processes, both in the modern legislative environment of Ukraine and in scientific and theoretical knowledge, is revealed. In particular, by inducing the properties of market infrastructure on the innovation infrastructure, the necessity of conducting scientific research in the direction of developing theoretical and methodological knowledge on marketing strategic management of innovation infrastructure is outlined. Therefore, taking into account the duality of innovation activity, such as the imperative of creative generation of new ideas and their subsequent commercialization, it is proposed to consider the marketing strategy as a significant factor in the development and stability of innovation infrastructure, which can be attributed to the system-forming one. Based on the study, it can be stated that innovation infrastructure is a systemic component of the innovation economy and acts as a guarantor of economic development, which is able to determine the vector and high level of development of the country's economy; to ensure close convergence of research, educational, production potential, social and market potential, which will also ensure improved diffusion of innovations. Based on the study, the criteria for determining the essence of innovation infrastructure are systematized. In contrast to the static understanding of the market infrastructure as a set of its subjects, we have accumulated the vision of other researchers regarding the importance of managerial influence on the dynamics of economic processes in infrastructure by systematizing the marketing strategies of innovation infrastructure subjects. The proposed conceptual model of the marketing strategy for the development of innovation infrastructure provides the formation of integrated marketing solutions for the development of innovation infrastructure and takes into account the characteristics of marketing processes, levels of competition, socio-economic and regional development tasks of regions and the state as a whole. Keywords: innovation infrastructure, market infrastructure, marketing strategy, sustainable development, socially oriented and regional management.
У статті досліджено сучасне розуміння інноваційного розвитку підприємств. Проведено аналіз наявних підходів до визначення поняття «інноваційний розвиток». Установлено відмінності в авторських трактуваннях цих понять, зроблено висновки щодо позитивних та негативних рис досліджених формулювань. Досліджено, що інноваційний розвиток – це складне явище, що має різноманітну динаміку розвитку, тому важливим є як досягнення прогресу, так і попередження регресу. Узагальнено та виокремлено найбільш важливі чинники, які сприяють або стримують інноваційний розвиток. Установлено, що сучасний інноваційний розвиток підприємств активно відбувається завдяки сучасним механізмам відкритих інновацій. Так, провідні сучасні підприємства можуть створювати інновації шляхом уже традиційного «закритого» інноваційного процесу, але все більше проявляється їх участь в інноваційних процесах «відкритого» типу, а саме розвиток шляхом відкритих інновацій, щоб мати можливість запозичувати ідеї, технології і компетенції із зовнішніх джерел. Успіх інновації визначається результатами її комерціалізації, тому питанню комерціалізації у статті приділено окрему увагу. Так, процес відкритих інновацій має визнані переваги, але саме комерціалізація може містити у цьому разі ризики втрати економічних стимулів, якщо інтелектуальні права власності будуть не захищені. Додатково проведено аналіз наявних підходів до визначення поняття «сутність об’єктів комерціалізації», дослідженню їхні переваги та недоліки. За результатами проведеного експертного анкетного дослідження продемонстровано систему чинників у міжнародному розрізі, які сприяють або гальмують розвиток відкритих інновацій. Дослідженою підлягали такі учасниками ринку інтелектуальної власності, як Україна, Японія, США, Німеччина, Китай та Канада. Зроблено узагальнюючі висновки та вказано актуальні напрями подальших досліджень.
The article deals with the essence, types and features of modification of business models of enterprises under the influence of socially oriented management. The main universal theoretical provisions on business modeling are considered, applied aspects are studied on the business models of aviation enterprises, both airlines and airports. The purpose of the article is to research the impact of socially oriented management theories on business models of enterprises as incremental innovations. The impact of socially oriented management on the business models of enterprises is studied by analyzing the application of corporate social responsibility of enterprises. The study of enterprises' activities was conducted by analyzing the business models of enterprises, as they reflect the method of doing business in interaction with the external environment, including stakeholder communication. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research are fundamental ideas of the theories of economic competition, strategic management of enterprises, cooperation and business modeling, as well as individual author's positions from the scientific papers of domestic and foreign scientists, in particular on business models of air enterprises. The following methods were used during the research: systems approach and the method of induction to form a new classification of business models by the level of implementation of socially oriented management, and complex approach to find sustainable correlates and differences in business models of enterprises. It is proposed to consider three types of business models of enterprises in the prism of the impact of corporate social responsibility. The hypothesis is also proposed, according to which it is reasonable to consider the impact of socially oriented management on business models of enterprises as a hybrid of social innovations and responsible innovations in the form of open innovations. The factors of their stimulation are investigated. The results of the research will allow continuing the research for the organization of more effective strategic management of enterprises and approaches to state regulation of the objects of research. Key words: business models, innovations, socially oriented management, corporate social responsibility, stakeholder management, sustainable development.