The aim of the work was to determine frequency of lupus anticoagulant (LA) detection in patients at various degrees of COVID-19 severity as well as duration of LA circulation after the infectious disease. The study included 103 patients with COVID-19. The patients were observed during the hospital care and in ambulance, if required. The patients were admitted to the departments of infectious diseases arranged at the V.I.Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology, and F.I. Inozemtsev City Clinical Hospital. Treatment schedules and stratification of the patients by clinical severity was carried out in accordance with Interim Guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation for the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of new coronavirus infection (version 9). The following groups were formed: mild (n = 27), moderate (n = 55) and severe (n = 20). The patients were tested for LA positivity in the course of disease: on the day of starting medical care (with outpatient observation), or on the day of hospitalization; repeated tests were made before discharge (inpatients), and later, 1-2 months and 7 months after recovery. Lupus anticoagulant was determined by two independent tests (dRVVT and SCT), i.e., as a screening test and a confirmation test. At initial examination, LA was found in 50 patients (49%). The effect of LA in 98% of cases was observed with dRVVT test, as an increase of normalized ratio (NR). The maximum median value of NR was 1.54 (0.97: 2.1) was revealed in patients with severe course of COVID-19 (p 0.0001) compared with other groups and correlated with severity of the infectious process (r = 0.491, p 0.0001). In mild cases of COVID-19, LA was detected less often (4 cases, 14.8%) than in moderate severity cases (27, 49.1%), and severe patients (19, 95%) (p 0.05). Re-examinations of the patients before discharge from the hospital and 1-2 months later revealed high frequency of LA (p 0.05). However, no LA-positive test was found 7 months after discharge. In patients with COVID-19, high frequency of circulating LA was registered, depending on severity of the infectious process. In addition, we have first shown that persistence of the circulating LA over post-infectious period does not exceed 7 months.
Введение. Выделение группы риска венозных тромбоэмболических осложнений (ВТЭО) является непростой задачей. На сегодняшний день врачи пользуются балльными шкалами риска, которые учитывают только анамнестические данные и никак не показатели лабораторных тестов гемостаза. Цель исследования. Провести сравнительную оценку показателей плазменного звена гемостаза в дородовом и послеродовом периодах у женщин, родоразрешенных путем операции кесарева сечения, в группах высокого, среднего и низкого риска ВТЭО. Материалы и методы. Обследовано 235 беременных в возрасте 21–45 лет. Отбор проб крови проводили в 4 точках: точка 1 — непосредственно до кесарева сечения; точка 2 — через 3–5 часов после окончания операции; точка 3 — через 2 суток после окончания операции; точка 4 — через 4 суток после окончания операции. Измеряли содержание фибриногена и Д-димера, протромбина по Квику и активированное частичное тромбопластиновое время. Риск ВТЭО оценивали согласно шкале RCOG Green-top Guidelines №{37a; cтепень риска развития ВТЭО определяли по сумме баллов. Результаты. Выявлено, что степени риска развития ВТЭО у женщин в послеродовом периоде, определенные из анализа анамнестических данных и лабораторных показателей системы гемостаза, дают различную картину состояния пациенток, что может нести дополнительную информацию о состоянии системы свертывания конкретной пациентки. Заключение. Д-димер может быть использован как маркер тромботической готовности у женщин после операции кесарева сечения, так как все остальные проанализированные параметры изменялись в пределах референтных диапазонов, характерных для послеродового периода. Introduction. To select a risk group of venous thromboembolic complications (VTE) is not a simple task. Today doctors use scales of risk scores that take into account only anamnestic data, and do not take into account hemostatic laboratory tests. The aim of study: comparative assessment of plasma hemostatic parameters in prenatal and postnatal periods in women delivered by Cesarean section with high, medium and low VTE risks. Materials and methods. We examined 235 pregnant women aged 21–45 years. Blood hemostatic parameters analyzed at 4 points: point 1 — before Cesarean section; point 2–3–5 hours after the end of operation; point 3–2 days after operation; point 4–4 days after operation. We measured fi brinogen and D-dimer levels, prothrombin (Quick’s value) and activated partial thromboplastin time. VTE risk assessed according to RCOG scale Green-top Guidelines №{37a; degree of VTE risk development determined by the sum of scores. Results. It was revealed that VTE risk at women in postnatal period obtained from the analysis of anamnestic data and hemostatic tests gave a diff erent picture of patients’ state which can provide additional information about hemostasis of a particular patient. Conclusion. D-dimer can be used as a marker of thrombotic readiness in women after Cesarean section, since all other analyzed parameters varied within reference ranges typical for postpartum.
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