An oil extract was prepared from the above-ground part of the snakeflower Lamium album; this contained a total chlorophyll derivative content of 0.46 ± 0.02 mg/ml. The extractant was a biphasic system consisting of ethanol and sunflower oil. Studies of the biological activities of the snakeflower oil extract were performed in models of hemolytic and iron-deficiency anemia. The antianemic activity of Lamium album L. was assessed in each of these models.
The roots of licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra L.) have been widely used in traditional and officinal medicines for the treatment of different diseases. Natural deep eutectic solvents (NADES) have become popular for the extraction of active principles from medicinal plants. However, the ability of NADES to co-extract trace elements during the isolation of target active compounds is rarely investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze the content of trace elements in acid-based NADES extracts from the roots of G. glabra and the health risks associated with them. In this study, we have tested for the first time the ability of several acid-based NADES to co-extract glycyrrhizic acid (GA) and trace elements from the roots of G. glabra. GA has been identified as the dominant phytochemical in G. glabra NADES extracts (0.145–0.495 mg/g). Due to the close pKa of lactic acid and GA, the yield of GA in lactic acid-based NADES was higher in comparison with other tested NADES. The yield of GA in NADES3-NADES5 was statistically significant and surpassed the yield of GA in water. The recovery of all elements (except Li) by all tested NADES was low (less than 6%). According to an ANOVA test, the hydrogen bond donor type plays a decisive role in the extraction of elements. A strong positive correlation between the recovery of GA and MPI was noted. The metal pollution index, hazard quotient, hazard index, and chronic daily intake were calculated and suggest that all tested NADES extracts of G. glabra roots were nontoxic and possess no health risk for both ingestion and topical application.
Introduction. The study of rheological properties (dynamic and plastic viscosity, yield strength, the degree and presence of a thixotropic effect, the nature of the type of flow) are important for the development of soft dosage forms. These properties affect the stability of the dosage form during storage, its technological and consumer characteristics .Aim. Study of the main rheological parameters of the developed gels and creams on various carrier bases.Materials and methods. Meloxicam as active ingredient and excipients: sodium alginate, twin-80, propylene glycol, cremophor, glycerin, essential oils of lemon and orange, carbopol 980, polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400), viburnum bark, chamomile flowers, chlorhexidine bigluconate 20 %, menthol, sorbitol, corn oil, distilled monoglycerides (MHD), cetyl alcohol, coconut oil, salicylic acid, emulsion wax, preparation OS-20, triethanolamine (TEA), and euxil PE 9010 were used for the preparation of ex[eroimental samples. Three laboratory samples of soft formulations with the mass of 100 g each were prepared. The rheological properties of the samples were tested 24 hours after their preparation using Anton Paar DV-2P viscometer (Anton Paar GmbH, Austria), spindle L4. The structural and mechanical properties of the samples were tested using a device designed at the St. Petersburg State Chemical and Pharmaceutical University under thesupervision of Professor, Doctor of Pharmaceutical Sciences V. A. Vainshtein.Results and discussion. The greatest mechanical stability was observed for the sample No. 1 (gel based on alginate) and sample No. 3 (cream). The ascending and descending hysteresis loop curves indicates that the test samples have thixotropic properties. Samples No. 1 and 2 have upward and downward flow curves superimposed on each other.This phenomenon is typical for all gels and is their feature. The relaxation of the structure of an elastic-plastic material after the deformation caused by the introduction of a tester stock occurs according to the logarithmic law. At rest, when the tester stockis not introduced into the material, the structure of tested samples is intact and samples has a maximum density (static viscosity). The introduction of the tester stock into the sample results in plastic deformation and forced flow. The tension at the moment of tester stock introduction reflects the yield strength.Further, with the immersed tester devoce, a thixotropic recovery of the destroyed structural bonds occurs. Such a pattern in the dynamics of structure resistance is observed for structured (non-Newtonian) liquids.Conclusion. The rheological properties of three experimental soft formulations made on different carrier bases were investigated. The importance of rheological studies in the drug development of high e quality soft formulations was shown.
Introduction. Treatment and prevention of diseases of the oral mucosa is one of the priority tasks in dentistry. In practice, antibacterial agents are often used in the complex treatment of inflammatory and destructive processes. However, long-term, uncontrolled usage of such drugs leads to numerous complications: drug tolerance, weakening of the therapeutic effect, dysbiosis of the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract, etc. Therefore, at present, the question of search for alternative to antibiotic therapy remains open. As an alternative, it is necessary considering the usage of effective and safe herbal medicines that are easy to digest, less toxic, practically do not cause side effects and allergic reactions, and have a light regulating and normalizing effect.Aim. The aim of the present study is to develop the composition and technology of effervescent granules for the preparation of a solution for rinsing the oral cavity based on phytosubstances.Materials and methods. Dry extracts were obtained from medicinal plant materials: medicinal sage leaves, medicinal calendula flowers, yarrow herb, medicinal rhizomes and roots and astragalus woolly herb. Sodium carbonate, citric acid, anhydrous, microcrystalline cellulose – 90 (EMCOCEL®90M), povidone (Plasdone™ K-29/32) and calcium stearate were used as auxiliary substances in the granule technology. In laboratory conditions, granules based on phytoextracts were obtained by pressing wet masses. Numerical indicators of medicinal plant raw materials, technological properties of dry extracts and granules, as well as indicators of the quality of granules were determined according to the methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia XIV.Results and discussion. The numerical indicators of medicinal plant raw materials (grinding of raw materials and the content of impurities, total ash in medicinal plant materials and ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid, humidity, content of extractives) were determined and the good quality of the raw materials used in the subsequent stages of drug development was confirmed. Dry extracts from each type of medicinal plant raw materials have been developed and the technological properties of dry extracts have been determined. The composition and technology of effervescent granules by pressing wet masses has been developed. To improve the flowability and reduce the hygroscopicity of the granulated material, microcrystalline cellulose – 90 (EMCOCEL®90M) was used as a filler. To create an effervescent dosage form, citric acid and sodium bicarbonate were added to the granules. The mass for granulation was moistened with a 10% alcohol-water solution of Plasdone™ K-29/32. A draft specification of quality indicators for effervescent granules based on phytoextracts is proposed.Conclusion. In the course of the research work, the numerical indicators of medicinal plant raw materials were determined and its quality was confirmed, which made it possible to use it for further production of dry extracts. The extraction conditions were selected for each type of raw material, dry extracts were developed, and quality indicators were determined in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XIV. Excipients were selected taking into account the properties of dry extracts, the composition and technology of effervescent granules based on phytoextracts was developed, a draft specification for effervescent granules was proposed in accordance with the requirements of the State Pharmacopoeia XIV.
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