The COVID-19 pandemic has created a new paradigm of ‘life in social distancing’, which in its turn has had a massive impact on education. Continuing education delivery through alternative channels of instruction became a top priority for education institutions aiming to minimize impacts of the pandemic on education. Most universities shifted from conventional, on campus, face-to-face instruction to online distance teaching and learning, which meant that teaching approaches, tools of assessments, and ways of teacher-student communication had to be modified to meet challenges of the altered mode of instruction. Since the pandemic wake, various global educational organizations have carried out studies to identify threats and potential opportunities for higher education within and beyond the pandemic. Some attempts to analyze the experience of the Ukrainian higher education system transition to mass distance instruction have also been made. However, these researches were limited by a territorial or time span, sectoral analysis, or focus on specific issues. Lack of comprehensive cross-sectoral nationwide research regarding perceptions of main actors of Ukraine’s higher education system (teachers and students) on outcomes of this abrupt transition inspired the current research. In this regard, we saw the objective of the study in exploring the experience of mass distance learning application in Ukraine’s higher education system due to COVID-19 and identifying considerations for e-learning in the national system of higher education within and beyond the pandemic. The research was done via survey. The order of the researchers' actions was as follows: questionnaire compilation, data collection, data analysis, and knowledge generation. In this study, a closed-format questionnaire containing questions with pre-offered answers (multiple choices) was the main research instrument. The questionnaire was distributed to Ukrainian university teachers and students by snowball sampling. Data analysis phase involved analyzing the quantitative datasets. The interpretation of the analyzed information led to the generation of knowledge. 882 responses from 65 Ukrainian higher education institutions were received. The survey data showed that mass transition to distance learning became a challenge for majority Ukrainian universities: only 45.5% of the respondents reported experiences with teaching/learning online before the pandemic; 59.4% of them indicated limited (permanent or occasional) access to technological resources (stable and sustainable Internet, properly equipped workplace, software/hardware means). Nonetheless, the survey results confirmed that both teachers and students were satisfied with the rapid transition to distance learning due to COVID-19, although students proved more flexible in adapting to the new mode of instruction. Majority of the respondents indicated such online educational platforms as Zoom (88.3%) and Google Classroom (85.3%) as the most widespread in the Ukrainian virtual educational environment; and such educational technologies as collaborative (56.6%) and individualized learning (55.9%) as the most efficient in distance learning. The research advances the e-learning knowledge area providing data regarding the experiences of Ukraine's national higher education system on mass and abrupt transition to distance learning and envisaging potential for this mode of instruction beyond the pandemic.
Researches and publications on using Google Classroom web service for lecturers of higher educational establishments under pandemic conditions are analysed. The current state of higher education under pandemic conditions is characterised. Features of Google Classroom web service have been identified. The methodical development for lecturers of higher educational establishments “Potential of using Google Classroom web service” is described. Criteria and levels of using Google Classroom web service are defined. Initial diagnostic of the levels of using Google Classroom web service was conducted. During the diagnostic was revealed that most respondents have insufficient levels of theoretical knowledge and practical skills. In order to increase the level of using Google Classroom web service, the methodological development was implemented. As a result, positive dynamics in the levels of theoretical knowledge and practical skills of using Google Classroom web service was revealed. The effectiveness of the obtained results was confirmed by Fisher’s criterion.
Modern society is undergoing complex social, economic and political transformations of planetary scope due to globalization processes. One of the peculiarities of a modern globalization wave is an intercultural interaction that, in its turn, has resulted in multicultural education. Multicultural education is quite a new branch of pedagogical theory and practice. Its appearance is considered to be connected with a period of complex social and cultural transformations in the USA during 1960s-1970s. However, J. Banks, an American scholar, proves that multicultural education is closely related to African-American movement of the 19th-20th centuries. Having analyzed the history of origins of multicultural education and stages of its development presented in works by J. Banks and C. Grant we can conclude that the process is associated, predominantly, with migration, and originated as a means of racism prevention. In the course of time the essence of multicultural education was shaped. It became obvious that multicultural education must meet needs of representatives of both different races and social groups. Also, the implementation of multicultural education into practice depends on high-quality professional training of a pedagogue able to work in the context of multicultural society. According to A. Thomas contemporary multicultural education is needed when an individual strives to understand peculiar systems of values, perception, cognition and thinking of people from different cultural backgrounds, integrate new experience into his/her own cultural system and apply it to alien cultural field. Nowadays theory and practice of multicultural education in the USA are still actively developing. Quite high demand are researches of outstanding American scholars and pedagogues in the field of multicultural education, namely, J. Banks, C. Grant, S. Nieto, Ch. Sleeter and many others.
The main research directions of the situation in European higher education and Ukraine such as emergency transition to distance learning and teaching; problems related to internationalization and academic mobility; the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on research; the importance of cooperation with various organizations; strengthening of European higher education at the international level; and consequences of the crisis and prospects for higher education have been defined. The threats and potential emergence of destabilizing natural circumstances for the development of educational systems in a society, in particular higher education, have been described in global, European and national dimensions.Four groups of teachers that have been formed in forced transition to distance education. The groups have included the teachers of the subjects that required a significant amount of practical and laboratory work; teachers who actively used digital technology before the pandemic; teachers familiar with digital technologies; teachers who failed to master new tools for organizing learning, teamwork and expanded use of digital resources. The problems of the lack of professionally developed programs for online learning, insufficient funding, the need for methodological training of teachers to work with students online, which are common to most universities, have been identified.
У статті обґрунтовано модель формування суб’єктивного образу професійного майбутнього студентів гуманітарного профілю. Представлено узагальнене визначення моделювання як методу науковго пізнання й визначено специфічні особливості моделювання. Охарактеризовано етапи моделювання (постановка завдання; створення (вибір) моделі; дослідження моделі; перенесення знань про модель у знання про оригінал; перевірка істинності отриманих за допомогою моделі даних). Обґурнтовано логіку вибору структурно‐функціональної моделі для дослідження процесу формування суб’єктивного образу професійного майбутнього студентів гуманітарного профілю. Описано методологічний, змістово-процесуальний та критеріально-діагностичний блоки структурно‐функціональної моделі формування суб’єктивного образу професійного майбутнього студентів гуманітарного профілю. Методологічний блок передбачає обґрунтування психодидактичного, особистісного, аксіологічного, міждисциплінарного та компетентнісного методологічних підходів формування образу професійного майбутнього, а також принципів діалогічності, особистісно-професійної трансформації, перетворювальної взаємодії та життєвої творчої самодіяльності. Змістово-процесуальний блок передбачає визначення мети та завдань формування образу професійного майбутнього; вибір форм і методів організації процесу формування образу професійного майбутнього. Критеріально-діагностувальний блок спрямований на розкриття основних складників образу професійного майбутнього (ціннісно-мотиваційного, когнітивного та операційного), на визначення критеріїв (система ціннісних орієнтацій студента, мотиваційний комплекс; теоретичні знання з питань формування образу професійного майбутнього; практичні уміння та навички, необхідні для успішного формування образу професійного майбутнього) та рівнів сформованості образу професійного майбутнього (індиферентний, особистісно-усвідомлюваний або ціннісно-значущий). Ключові слова: метод наукового пізнання; модель; структурно-функціональна модель; професійне майбутнє; студенти гуманітарного профілю.
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