The article presents the results of a study of the assimilation surface of sweet cherry trees of different pomological cultivars. The aim of the research was to study the morphological and varietal characteristics of the deciduous cover of sweet cherry trees, depending on the timing of fruit ripening. As a result of observations and analysis, the morphological features of the leaf apparatus of trees, leaf area and total leaf surface were determined as one of the main indicators of the photosynthetic potential of fruit trees. It was established that a characteristic feature of the varieties Turquoise, Drogana yellow and Donetsk coal was an increase in the area of the leaf blade with the age of the trees. Sweet cherry cultivars of late ripening were characterized by a smaller area of the leaf blade compared to cultivars of early and medium maturity. The size of the leaf blade did not depend on the strength of the growth of the fruit tree. A vigorous cultivar Mliyevska yellow and medium-sized Mirage had the maximum area of the leaf blade. The smallest size was found in the undersized variety Turquoise and medium-sized Alionushka.The area of the leaf blade significantly depended on the pomological cultivar of sweet cherry trees, scab damage and freezing of the trees. It was established that with age, the volume of fruit tree crowns of the cultivars of different ripening terms slightly increased. This was most clearly expressed for the Amazon cultivar, where the increase in crown volume was 11.96 m 3 , and the smallest increase was for the Donetsk coal cultivar -1.0 m 3 . A high degree of land area development was inherent in trees with more spreading crowns. The varieties Amazonka, Dar Mliyeva and Aborihenka have mastered the feeding area allocated by the planting scheme more effectively. The activity of the passage of photosynthesis processes and the productivity of plantations at the age of 6-8 years were negatively affected by the low area of deciduous cover of sweet cherry plantations -14-35% of the optimal one.
The article presents the study results of the frost resistance of sweet cherry varieties of different ripening periods under artificial freezing. The damage degree of various tissues of one-and two-year-old wood, as well as fruit formations, was analyzed. In the group of early-ripening and late-ripening varieties, a significant resistance of the bark to the effect of low temperature was found, the average damage score was 0.7. Among late-ripening cherry varieties Drogana yellow had low-temperature damage to one-year-old wood, while no negative effect on the wood was observed for the Amazonka variety. The highest overall degree of freezing of one-year wood was observed for the varieties Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow, the lowest values were obtained for the varieties Meotida, Mirage and Amazonka. Dispersion analysis based on a combination of factors confirmed the highest degree of wood freezing for the Mliivska yellow and Drogana yellow varieties. Among the early-ripening varieties, the two-year-old wood froze the most in trees of the Dar Mlieva variety, where the highest degree of damage to the tissues of the bark, cambium, and wood was observed. The least tissue damage was in the Mliivska yellow variety, however, its core had the maximum damage not only within the group, but also among all the studied varieties. By artificial freezing in laboratory conditions, it was established that the highest frost resistance of annual and perennial wood is characteristic of the early ripening variety Zoryana, medium ripening Meotida and late ripening Amazonka. As a result of laboratory freezing, the frost resistance of fruiting bodies did not exceed 2.2 points. The fruiting formations of the Drogana yellow exceeded all the studied varieties in terms of the level of damage. High resistance to low temperatures was shown by the fruiting formations of the varieties Zoryana, Mirage and, especially, Alyonushka. The damage level of other pomological varieties was in the range of 1.9-2.25 points. The most negative effect of low temperatures was caused on flower germs.
Фiлiпова Лариса Миколаївна канд. с.-г. наук, доцент, доцент кафедри землеробства, агрохiмiї та грунтознавства Бiлоцеркiвський національний аграрний університет ORCID ID: 0000-0002-2303-7899 Карпук Леся Михайлівна доктор с.-г. наук, професор, професор кафедри землеробства, агрохiмiї та грунтознавства Бiлоцеркiвський національний аграрний університет ORCID ID: 0000-0001-5576-9931 Павліченко Андрій Андрійович канд. с.-г. наук, доцент, доцент кафедри землеробства, агрохiмiї та грунтознавства Бiлоцеркiвський національний аграрний університет ORCID ID: 0000-0002-0631-3353 Тітаренко Оксана Станіславівна асистент кафедри землеробства, агрохiмiї та грунтознавства Бiлоцеркiвський національний аграрний університет УКРАЇНА 104 회의 절차: Theoretical and practical aspects of modern scientific research .
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