Стратегии социально-экономического развития регионов разрабатываются в соответствии с принципом использования современной методологии принятия эффективных решений на основе стратегического планирования. Информационной основой стратегического планирования являются показатели устойчивого социально-экономического развития. В современных условиях роль анализа устойчивого развития повышается, поскольку усиливается влияние внешних и внутренних факторов нестабильности региональной экономики. Актуальность рассматриваемой в статье проблемы обусловлена тем, что качество анализа устойчивого развития регионов (учет факторов внешней и внутренней среды и их оценка) определяет адекватность стратегических приоритетов, сформированных в ходе планирования. Обеспечение этой адекватности невозможно без выявления дифференциации российских регионов по таким ключевым показателям, характеризующим устойчивость, как ВРП на душу населения и индекс человеческого развития. Также в статье приведены результаты рейтинга устойчивого развития городов России; показано, что экономическая нестабильность оказывает не только отрицательное влияние на устойчивое развитие экономики, но и выполняет конструктивную роль в процессе регионального развития. Проанализированы показатели, характеризующие устойчивое развитие макрорегионов (федеральных округов): индекс промышленного производства, реальные денежные доходы населения. Особое внимание уделено изменению качества жизни населения регионов через индикаторы: уровень бедности, уровень образования, продолжительность жизни населения. Показано влияние размера государственного долга в российских регионах на экономическую нестабильность.
The purpose of the work is to base the selection of adequate tools of state support for the development of old industrial regionsthe territories on which the industries related to the "outgoing" technological structures are concentrated. It is shown that the complexity of the tools selection aimed at ensuring the economic security of old industrial regions is reasoned by the heterogeneity of their composition. With the application of key postulates of synergetics it is justified that the tools of state support for regional development are most effective if they are used at the bifurcation point. It is argued that the bifurcation state is characterized by an increase in threats to the sustainable functioning and development of the regional socio-economic system and a decrease in the level of economic security in the region. A system of indicators for assessing the economic security state of old industrial territories was proposed, by using of which the nature of their development was diagnosed and it was argued that the regions are instable and objectively need government support in order to reach the trajectory of sustainable socio-economic dynamics. The importance of such selection is proved and as a condition to ensure the success of the transition process carried out by the region the toolkit of differentiated state policy for the development of old industrial regions is proposed.
Industrial clusters, on the one hand, act as a tool of today's industrial policy pursued in sectoral and territorial aspects and, on the other hand, they are the object of state support, which is carried out within the frames of the program of cluster policy. Nowadays state support of industrial clusters includes mainly measures encouraging production localization aimed at product output within the frames of sectoral plans of import substitution and national projects. It is shown that key difficulties arising in using the cluster approach in Russia are the absence of methodology needed to estimate potential cluster market, restricting the cluster by borders of entity of the Federation or a group of municipal structures, underdeveloped forms of interaction between enterprises - cluster participants, absolutization of cluster pattern and the absence of concrete steps aimed at cluster development on the part of its participants, bodies of regional administration and other concerned parties. It is proven that state support of industrial clusters in the Russian Federation should target at cutting administrative, institutional and other barriers for cluster participants and promoting the development of their industrial competences. In this case cluster policy in the aspect of industrial cluster support can become an important driver of building spots of national economy growth, raising competitiveness of regions and sectors on the international level.
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