В статье показана актуальность и возможность применения процессного подхода при разработке и внедрении систем управления охраной труда на базе ГОСТ 12.0.230-2007, являющимся основным документом в данной области для всех промышленных предприятий и организаций РФ. Рассмотрена система управления охраной труда в организации с учетом всех ее внутренних связей и входных -выходных параметров. Показано, что процессный подход, используемый при проектировании системы управления охраной труда в организации, позволяет систематизировать перечень работ (процессов), участников процессов, ресурсы (ответственные, исполнители, документы и т.д.), выполнение контроля и коррекции процессов.Приведено методологическое обоснование процессного подхода к проектированию системы управления охраной труда в организации, рассмотрены базовые вопросы его применимости. Разработаны контекстная диаграмма процесса системы управления охраной труда в графической нотации IDEF0 с применением структурного анализа по технологии SADT. Представлена декомпозиция контекстной диаграммы до необходимых уровней детализации и рассчитан коэффициент сбалансированности моделей.
The wholesale electricity and capacity market constitute the backbone of the Russian power industry. It is in this market that large suppliers and buyers operate, and its entire turnover is consequently transmitted to the retail market. Our paper presents a theoretical overview of the main tools for forming the cost of electricity and capacity in the wholesale market in Russia (depending on the regional affiliation), the type of end users, and the degree of state participation. We consider the specifics of the formation of the cost of electricity and capacity in the price and non-price wholesale markets of Russia, which differ in territorial, climatic, and economic characteristics, as well as the established structure of generation. In the empirical part of the paper, we carry out a structural analysis of the volumes of trade in electricity and capacity in the price and non-price zones of the market. Furthermore, we explain the reasons for the current dynamics of prices in the wholesale market. Using the obtained results, we calculate the maximum annual effect of the solar power plant operation in various zones of the Russian wholesale market, as well as in the retail market. In addition, we estimate the economic incentive for the transition of the functioning of power facilities from the wholesale to the retail market. Our results can be of considerable practical importance and might be used for improving the strategy for the development of the electric power industry at the regional level both in Russia and in the other countries.
One of the principles of increasing the sustainability of cities as a part of the campaign “My city is getting ready!” states: “Identification and study of risks, use of scenarios of existing and future risks”. The city is a complex system, “packed” with all kinds of dangers. Dangers affect all elements of this system and it is necessary to identify and monitor processes that contribute to the development of hazards into threats, i.e. conduct research, in this case, “urban risks” and learn to manage them. In our opinion, the “Tree structures” method of risk analysis may be suitable for the study of “urban risks” [14], which allows, in particular, to analyze various but interrelated situations and events in relation to the entire system within a single “tree”.
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