The review is devoted to modern trends in the chemistry of nitrogen-, oxygen-and sulfur-containing monocyclic, polynuclear and benzo(hetero)annulated heterocyclic compounds. Methods for the synthesis and chemical reactivity of furazan, furoxan, thiazole, thiadiazole, dithiazole, thiophene, glycoluril, imidazotriazine, diaziridine and other heterocycles are discussed. Characteristic features of reactions depending on the structure of the starting compounds, intermediates and reaction medium (organic solvents, ionic liquids) and mechanistic aspects of the most interesting transformations are considered. Data on the biological activities and prospects for practical applications of the indicated heterocyclic systems are presented. The bibliography includes 383 references.

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