Possible therapeutic effect of systemic (intravenous) transplantation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells was studied in experiments (C57Bl/6 mice) and pilot clinical trial. Clinical trial was performed on 11 patients with radiation-induced lung injuries developed after combined chemotherapy and radiation therapy for lymphogranulomatosis or breast cancer. The patients were subjected to single transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells and course of standard pharmacotherapy. The method for isolation of autologous mesenchymal stem cells was licensed. The transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells was followed by a decrease in the mortality rate of mice with radiation-induced lung injury. Clinical trial showed that cell therapy with autologous mesenchymal stem cells does not induce progression of the underlying oncological disease. Parameters of spirography, immune status, lung scintigraphy, and markers for inflammation and tissue hypoxia in the patients remained practically unchanged 1 year after the treatment. These clinical signs reflect stabilization of the radiation process.
The use of triple systemic transplantation of cardiomyoblasts raised from the culture of allogenic bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells of a healthy donor according to the new medical technology licensed by Federal Service on Surveillance in Healthcare in the therapy of a patient with late radiation cardiomyopathy and radiation exudative pericarditis developed 45 years after radiation therapy for Hodgkin lymphoma. High efficiency of systemic transplantation of mesenchymal stem cells partially differentiated towards cardiomyocytes was demonstrated. The therapeutic effect persists for more than 2 years. Possible mechanisms of the therapeutic effect of this type of stem cells and the prospects of using cell therapy in the treatment of late radiation injuries of vital organs and tissues are discussed.
Exposure of radiation ulcers in rats to low-power infrared laser radiation (LPLR) (wavelength -890 nm, pulse power -6 W, frequency -150 and 300 Hz, irradiation time -10 mm) noticeably accelerates their healing, reduces exudative processes, increases number of specialized cells in wound. Application of LPLR prior to radiation damage decreases ulcer dimensions.
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