Background. Among all cranial nerves, the facial nerve is the most exposed to birth injuries. Difficulties with medical assistance during the first months of life for children with a facial nerve birth injury is known and debated. According to the literature data, the scope of diagnostic and treatment activities varies, and these treatments have not always demonstrated effectiveness. Aim. We discuss the protocol of medical assistance for newborns and children during the first months of life with a facial nerve birth trauma. Materials and methods. We analyzed domestic and foreign literature dedicated to facial nerve birth trauma. Results. The results showed the necessity of a multidisciplinary approach for patients with facial nerve birth trauma involving neurologists, ophthalmologists, otolaryngologists, audiologists, maxillofacial surgeons, geneticists, doctors for rehabilitation medicine, and microsurgeons. Key directions of medical assistance during the first months of life include the prevention of the development of ophthalmologic complications; topical and etiological differential diagnosis; and dynamic observation to timely resolve whether surgical treatment is necessary. Conclusion. The integration of developed protocols in clinical practice is essential for understanding the etiology, pathogenesis, natural history, differential diagnostics, and prior treatment by medical doctors of different specialties to improve the quantity of medical assistance.
Статья посвящена актуальной проблеме современной травматологии -улучшению оказания медицинской помощи пациентам с политравмой. Представлена новая технология «пансоноскопия», которая является минимально инвазивным и широкодоступным способом быстрой визуализации «всего тела» пациента в любых медицинских условиях. Она позволяет в режиме реального времени с помощью портативных ультразвуковых аппаратов выявлять наиболее частые и опасные травматические повреждения (краниальные, торакальные, абдоминальные, скелетные и др.). Принципиально новым является: обеспечение визуализации внутричерепных повреждений, возможность проведения исследования самим клиницистом (травматологом, хирургом, нейрохирургом, неврологом), а также возможность телемедицинского консилиума с экспертами (специалистами ультразвуковой диагностики). Эта технология предназначена для широкого круга врачей, оказывающих медицинскую помощь пациентам с политравмой. Ключевые слова: транскраниальная ультрасонография, ультрасонография всего тела, ургентная сонография, пансоноскопия, политравма, сочетанная черепно-мозговая травма у детей и взрослых, FAST-протокол.
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