Aim. To study the processes of free-radical oxidation, antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, electrolyte metabolism, and cytokine system reflecting the state of the non-specific defense of the body in workers exposed to complex of toxic substances under the conditions of manufacturing, substantiating the importance of indicators of preclinical diagnosis of disease development risk.Methods. The study included 90 workers of JSC «Experimental Plant Neftekhim», 95 workers of JSC «Kaustic» and 101 workers of JSC «Ufa plant of elastomeric materials, products and structures». Materials for the study were blood, mixed saliva, gingival fluid and urine. The laboratory studies were performed to evaluate the free radical oxidation processes, antioxidant defense, energy metabolism, electrolyte metabolism, and cytokine system. Taking into account the features of industrial factors, particularly their effects on the workers bodies, routes of toxic compounds entry by inhalation, oral cavity and skin of the hands, three professional groups were formed (A, B, C). Group A included employees having constant contact with chlororganic compounds. The group B included persons who have constant contact with the higher and lower aromatic hydrocarbons. A group C consisted of employees who have constant contact with a mixture of chemicals: rubber compound containing carcinogens - benzo(a)pyrene, NDMA, nitrosodiethylamine; white carbon black, rubber dust, talc, amine compounds, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide. The control group consisted of employees of administrative and managerial staff.Results. The study revealed that one of the major pathogenetic mechanisms of action of chemical and petrochemical industry hazards is activation of free radical oxidation.Conclusion. Among the mechanisms of the influence of chemical contaminants of working environment a leading role play intensification of free radical oxidation processes, failure and/or inhibition of the antioxidant defense components.
Aim. To evaluate morphological skin changes of the experimental animals after intradermal injection of collagenous medication. Methods. The histological and histochemical methods (staining with hematoxylin and eosin, by Van-Gieson, Mallory and Foot method) were used to study the skin of mature female rats in the area of intradermal injection of collagen preparation «Kollost» by using mesotherapy method in 2, 4, 21 and 37 days. Murine skin was compared between experimental and control groups, in which the rats had solution of dextrose (glucose) injected intradermally. Results. On days 2-4 after the injection, inflammatory reaction was weak in the form of cellular infiltration along the needle stick. Numerous macrophages resorbing fibrous elements of the medication were determined in the injection zone. On days 7-14 fibroblasts proliferation, occurrence of argyrophilic thin newly-formed collagenous fibres and significant content of glycosaminoglycanes in the granulation tissue were revealed. By the 21-st day of the experiment following the injection, the dermal plate of the skin had become more dense due to the formation of thicker collagenous bundles in regeneration zones. When impregnated by silver nitrate they became yellow-brown that was indicative of fibre maturity. On day 37, the collagen fibers of the injected preparation in the injection zone were not detected in free unsubstituted form. The skin had a typical structure. The signs of stimulation of regeneration processes were not revealed in the skin of rats from the control group following the glucose solution injection. Conclusion. The collagenous preparation did not cause any pronounced inflammatory processes in the skin following intradermal injection to mature female rats; the fibrous structures of «Kollost» are resorbed by macrophages and substituted by the collagenous fibres integrating into the tissues; the processes are accompanied by stimulation of proliferation of structural elements of the skin connective tissue.
Aim. Characterize the intensity of bone remodeling, balance of hormones and local cytokines regulating bone remodeling and bone metabolism, at chronic intake of copper-zinc sulfide ores elements. Methods. A total of 101 miner, producing copper-zinc sulfide ore by underground mining, and 30 employees of ground services of OAO «Uchaly Mining and Processing Plant», were examined. Experimental studies were performed on 60 white adult male rats, distributed to control and experimental groups. The experimental animals of the study group got copper-zinc sulfide ore powder in a 2% starch solution daily for 3 months as a suspension at the dose of 60 mg per 100 g of body weight. The serum levels of testosterone, parathyroid hormone, total thyroxine and triiodothyronine, cortisol, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, soluble Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand, osteoprotegerin, sclerostin and C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, as well as bone alkaline phosphatase activity were determined. Results. Miners who were diagnosed with decreased bone density had increased level of C-terminal telopeptide of collagen type I, with bone alkaline phosphatase activity similar to the control group. In miners with physiological level of bone density, there was no statistically significant decrease in blood testosterone level, in the groups with low and very low bone mineral density there was a statistically significant decrease in testosterone level and increased level of parathyroid hormone. Experimental animals exposed to sulfide ore had serum levels of testosterone, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, thyroxine and triiodothyronine decreased, and increased level of parathyroid hormone and cortisol. Together with that, blood concentration of sclerostin was increased, level of osteoprotegerin - decreased, and soluble Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand was not changed. Conclusion. Long-term intake of copper-zinc sulfide ore leads to an imbalance of bone remodeling with a predominance of resorption. It is associated with the reduction of testosterone, calcidiol and thyroid hormones levels providing anabolic and anti-catabolic effect on bone metabolism, and overproduction of parathyroid hormone and cortisol, stimulating osteolysis. Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand / osteoprotegerin ratio and sclerostin level increases.
Aim. Characteristics of the changes of bone remodeling markers and mineral metabolism parameters in experimental mercazolilum-induced hypothyroidism in rats. Methods. Development of hypothyroidism in sexually mature male rats caused by 3-week-long intragastric administration of mercazolilum at a dose of 2.5 ml/100 g of animal weight, was monitored by measurement of the total serum triiodothyronine and thyroxine, and thyroid-stimulating hormone. At the end of intoxication, in the serum of experimental and control rat groups the concentration of Ca, P, Mg, C-terminal telopeptides of collagen type I, bone alkaline phosphatase, parathyroid hormone, testosterone, follicle-stimulating and luteinizing hormones, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) was measured. Results. It was found that mercazolilum-induced hypothyroidism leads to a decrease of serum levels of bone tissue metabolism markers, C-terminal telopeptides (β-Cross Laps), and bone alkaline phosphatase, characterizing slowing of remodeling processes. Decrease of Ca and P concentration in the blood was not observed in such cases. In experimental hypothyroidism caused by mercazolilum administration to male rats, shifts in hormones and cytokine balance occur. Decrease of testosterone, increase of levels of gonadotropins, parathyroid hormone, interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor α was observed. Conclusion. In experimental hypothyroidism developing after mercazolilum administration, disorder of bone and mineral metabolism not only is a consequence of direct influence of thyroid hormones on bone tissue, but is also mediated by changes in hormone and cytokine status.
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