Memantine is a reversible N-methyl-D-a spartate (NMDA) receptor blocker. The paper reports the results of an investigation aimed at the assessment of memantine effectiveness, safety and tolerability in patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment. Two hundred and forty (240) patients were enrolled in this open-label, comparative, multicentre study. In these subjects cognitive disorders were less severe than dementia (MMSE score made up 22—27). Mean age was 69.2 + 5.7 years old. Among them 148 patients received acatinol memantine at a dosage of 20 mg daily within 6 months and 92 subjects comprised a comparison group. Memantine administration resulted in decreased severity of cognitive impairment, first of all due to the improvement of dysregulatory, mnestic and visual-spatial disorders. Besides, the treatment caused the alleviation of emotional disturbances. The degree of therapeutic effectiveness was independent from the presence or lack of cardiovascular diseases in the examined population. Further double-blind studies aimed at the assessment of memantine effectiveness in patients with non-dementia cognitive impairment are necessary.
В качестве средства базисной симптоматической тера-пии деменции официально рекомендованы два класса ле-карственных препаратов -ингибиторы ацетилхолинэстера-зы и антагонисты NMDA-рецепторов (рецепторы N-метил-D-аспартата). Действие последних основывается на сниже-нии активности церебрального глутамата -основного воз-буждающего нейротрансмиттера ЦНС. Активирующее дей-ствие глутамата на нейроны осуществляется через ионо-
В статье приведены современные данные о причинах развития, методах диагностики и подходах к лечению болезни Альцгеймера. Особое внимание уделено п атогенетической и симптоматической терапии этого заболевания, а также неле-карственным методам лечения.
I.S. PREOBRAZHENSKAYA, MD, Prof., Sechenov First Moscow State University of the Ministry of Health of Russia MODERN APPROACHES TO DIAGNOSTICS AND THERAPY OF ALZHEIMER DISEASEThe article presents modern data on the causes of development, diagnostic methods and treatment approaches of Alzheimer's disease. Special attention is given to pathogenetic and symptomatic therapy of this disease, as well as non-drug treatments.
The paper gives an update on the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD), a condition manifesting itself as a steady reduction in memory. AD is common in the modern population. The reason for its higher incidence rate is the specific features of the current information sphere. Genetic factors that both directly lead to the development of AD and indirectly influence its occurrence are also imperative. At the present time, the genetic bank of mutations associated with the development of AD contains information on more than 300 different mutations. Genetic predetermination of this disease has a negative impact on prognosis and prospects for patient treatment.
Patients and methods. The distribution of hereditary forms of AD in a Russian population was analyzed at the Clinic of Nervous
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