The liver is an organ with several important biofunctions, for which there are very few effective and safe preparations that promote the functioning, protection, and regeneration of cells. Sufficiently safe preparations with hepatoprotective activity can be found in plants. The aim of our study was to investigate the chemical composition of an extract made from American cranberry (Oxycoccus macrocarpus (Ait.) Pursh) leaves and its amino-acids preparations as well as their possible hepatoprotective activity. Using the UPLC-MS/MS method, we identified 19 phenolic compounds (8 flavonoids (flavones and flavonols), 4 anthocyanins, 3 hydroxycinnamic acids, and 2 catechins). The prophylactic and therapeutic administration of the American cranberry-leaves extracts led to a decrease in the lipid-peroxidation process during a study of tetrachloromethane acute toxic damage in the liver of rats. As a result of animal studies, the most effective hepatoprotective activity was found in the extract preparations with valine and arginine.
Globalization, internationalization, mass higher education, integration and competition of universities enhance a necessity of development of a new higher education strategy to ensure university autonomy, while strengthening universities’ engagement in a regional economy by optimizing and concentrating all resources. University merger is one possible mechanisms of this process assurance. The essence of merger and collaboration terms is found out. The institutional and system-level reasons for mergers have been defined. Reasons for activation process of mergers at the system-level are: efficiency and sustainability of higher education system, international competition (more stable and competitive institutions with high quality of higher education in the international community), division of labour. At the institutional level they are: university market position of in regional, national and international contexts, increased quality of higher education, and increased competitiveness of universities. Among higher education institutions that are financially vulnerable, merger is a survival strategy. Among financially healthy institutions the aim of mergers is differentiation, performance enhancement, or in the expectation that greater size will yield cost savings through economies of scale. The types and kinds of mergers of higher education institutions are investigated. Types of mergers include: voluntary and involuntary, single-sector and cross-sectoral, two-partner and multi-partner, similar and different academic profile, mergers aimed at a federal or unitary structure. There are kinds of mergers: horizontal, vertical, diversification and conglomerate. Features of mergers in Sweden, where this process is initiated «bottom up» and in Wales, where merger is initiated «top-down» have been analysed. It is necessary to make proper feasibility study, prepare a Memorandum of Understanding, conduct a due diligence of institutions, prepare a merger delivery plan and implementation strategy for successful merger implementation.
Academic freedom, institutional autonomy and respect for the rule of law in relations between public authorities, higher education institutions and students are essential to democratic societies, and can be considered as the fundamental values of the European Higher Education Area. The European Governments have recognized the university autonomy as a precondition for the successful development of higher education. The European Commission notes as a priority the creation of a new framework for universities that are characterized by increased levels of autonomy and accountability. The Council of the European Union confirms this approach and establishes a direct relationship between autonomy and the ability of universities to meet the expectations of society. International experts emphasize the direct link between the institutional capacity of higher education institutions, the ability to identify and develop their own institutional profile and the autonomy of universities. The necessity and role of autonomy in the sphere of higher education is determined. Autonomy of higher education institutions plays an important role in the strategic positions and declarations at the European and world level. It is confirmed by the relevant documents. The autonomy of universities (institutional) consists of the academic, financial, organizational and personnel autonomy. The level of university autonomy in Ukraine and European countries is analyzed on the basis of its components. Author designates that universities are the most independent in solving issues of personnel, academic, organizational and financial autonomy. Ukraine takes a position almost at the end of the «middle-low» cluster of systems, which testifies to the areas existence in which autonomy is limited.
Монографія присвячена питанням впровадження парадигми вдосконалення викладання у вищій освіті. Цей напрям є одним із пріоритетів розвитку Європейського простору вищої освіти, до якого належить і вища освіта України. Монографія містить три частини: у першій частині — узагальнено теоретичні основи та політичні передумови реалізації завдання вдосконалення викладання і навчання в університетах; у другій — представлені практики вітчизняних закладів вищої освіти і наукових установ, а також міжнародні проєкти, що реалізуються в Україні та опікуються цією проблематикою; у третій частині — подано практичні рекомендації для університетів і наукових установ щодо створення інституційних моделей, стратегій, підходів, рішень задля підвищення якості викладання і навчання. Монографія стане у нагоді науково-педагогічним працівникам університетів, управлінському персоналу, дослідникам та експертам, які цікавляться проблемою вдосконалення викладання у вищій освіті та безпосередньо відповідають за її вирішення у закладах вищої освіти.
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