The purpose of the study is to identify paired combinations associated with meat productivity in Aberdeen-Angus cattle for the genes of the somatotropin cascade (growth hormone bGH, growth hormone receptor bGHR, insulin-like growth factor-1 bIGF-1). The determination of animal genotypes was carried out by PCR-RFLP. Results of statistical processing was carried out using the software capabilities of "Microsoft Excel 2010" and "Statistica 6.0". Paired combinations study of bGH, bGHR and bIGF-1 somatotropin cascade revealed marking diplotype polymorphic genes associated with signs of meat productivity and allowing for a comprehensive assessment of the Aberdeen-Angus cattle genetic potential in the postnatal development early stages. Thus, the animals' live weight with the bGH-AluI VV -bIGF-1-SnaBI BB diplotype at the age of 24 months exceeds the Aberdeen-Angus breed live weight standard by 45 kg (12%) and the total sample -by 12.52 kg (3%). The bGH-AluI LL -bIGF-1-SnaBI AA diplotype score is 2.93% higher than the total sample. The mass index average value of animals with the bGH-AluI LV -bGHR-SspI FY diplotype at 18 months is 3.98% lower than the total sample. In animals with the bGHR-SspI FF -bIGF-1-SnaBI BB diplotype at the age of 24 months, the churn index value is lower than the total sample by 3.74%. Thus, the diplotypes bGH-AluI VV -bIGF-1-SnaBI BB and bGH-AluI LL -bIGF-1-SnaBI AA can be considered genetic markers of increased meat productivity and the diplotypes bGH-AluI LV -bGHR-SspI FY and bGHR-SspI FF -bIGF-1-SnaBI BB -reduced meat productivity. The animals' selection with diplotypes that increase meat productivity will reduce the investment period and increase the agricultural production profitability. For breeding activities, it is recommended to maintain the animals' number with the diplotypes bGH-AluI VV -bIGF-1-SnaBI BB and bGH-AluI LL -bIGF-1-SnaBI AA .
Background and Aim: The market demand for the quality of milk and dairy products, in particular in terms of such indicators as fat content, the amount and composition of milk protein, etc., is growing. Thus, the need for the selection of dairy herds using genetic markers associated with qualitative traits of milk productivity is becoming urgent. This study aimed to determine the preferred and undesirable genotypes of the AluI polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and SnaBI polymorphism of the insulin-like growth factor-1 gene associated with milk productivity and quality indicators of the black-and-white breed. The genotypes of animals were determined by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Materials and Methods: Samples of the black-and-white breed from Kazakhstan served as the research subjects. The polymorphism of the growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-1 genes was determined by PCR-RFLP. The relationship of bGH-AluI and bIGF-1-SnaBI polymorphisms with productivity was assessed (fat, protein, and milk yield for 305 days of lactation, live weight, somatic cells, and milk production coefficient) by analysis of variance using Statistica 6.0 software. Results: The black-and-white cows with the bGH-AluILV genotype had significantly higher milk yield in 305 days (3174.5±157.2 kg) than those with the bGH-AluILL (2940.0±152.6 kg) and bGH-AluIVV genotypes (2964.0±36.0; p<0.05). The milk fat content of cows with genotypes bGH-AluILV and bGH-AluILL (121.8±6.5 and 120.6±10.2, respectively) was significantly higher than those with bGH-AluIVV genotype (109.8±10.8; p<0.05). The black-and-white cows with the bGH-AluILV genotype (96.7±5.3) had significantly more milk protein than those with the bGH-AluILL (90.3±5.6) and bGH-AluIVV (86.9±4.6) genotypes (p<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the indicators of milk productivity of cows with different genotypes of bIGF-1-SnaBI polymorphism. Conclusion: The results showed that the bGH-AluILV genotype was preferred for the black-and-white breed. The study demonstrated that genotype determined the relevant qualities, while the conditions of feeding, maintenance, and industrial technology provided the manifestation of this genotype. Thus, cows of the same (Wis Burke Ideal) line, having common ancestors in close (IV–V) ranks but living in different farming conditions, had large differences in milk productivity level. The variation was 2046 kg or 67.6% of milk per lactation.
Abzhanov Arkhat, prof. (Boston, USA), Abelev S.K., prof. (Moscow, Russia), Aitkhozhina N.А., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Akshulakov S.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Alchinbayev М.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Batpenov N.D., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Berezin V.Ye., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Bersimbayev R.I., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Berkinbaev S.F., prof. (Kazakhstan) Bisenbayev А.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Bishimbayeva N.K., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Botabekova Т.K., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Dzhansugurova L.B., Cand. biol., prof. (Kazakhstan) Ellenbogen Adrian, prof. (Tel-Aviv, Israel), Zhambakin K.Zh., prof., academician (Kazakhstan), deputy editor-in-chief Ishchenko Alexander, prof. (Villejuif, France) Isayeva R.B., prof. (Kazakhstan) Kaydarova D.R., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Kokhmetova A., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Kuzdenbayeva R.S., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Lokshin V.N., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Los D.А., prof. (Moscow, Russia) Lunenfeld Bruno, prof. (Israel) Makashev E.K., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Mitalipov Sh.M. (America) Muminov Т.А., prof., academician (Kazakhstan) Ogar N.P., prof., corr. member (Kazakhstan) Omarov R.T., Cand. biol., prof. (Kazakhstan) Prodeus A.P., prof. (Russia) Purton Saul, prof. (London, UK) Rakhypbekov Т.K., prof., corr. member. (Kazakhstan) Saparbayev Мurat, prof. (Paris, France) Sarbassov Dos, prof. (Houston, USA) Turysbekov E.K., cand. biol., assoc. prof. (Kazakhstan) Sharmanov A.T., prof. (USA) News of the National Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Series of biology and medicine.
Technologies for genetic labeling of economically useful traits using polymorphic variants of genes that control the rate of growth and development of animals make it possible to assess the genetic potential of an animal immediately after birth, which significantly reduces time and financial costs. This study aimed to identify paired combinations of the genes growth hormone, growth hormone receptor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 associated with meat productivity in related breeds of cattle meat direction: Hereford, Kazakh white-headed, Aberdeen Angus, Auliekol. The materials for the study were blood and hair follicles samples of animals born in 2015, aged 18 and 24 months. The animals were selected from farms in northern Kazakhstan with equal feeding and housing conditions. The PCR-RFLP method was used to determine the genotypes of animals. According to the results of this study, the associations of phenotypes with the genotypes of the bGH, bGHR, and bIGF-1 genes in the studied cattle breeds were revealed.
Horses are traditionally used in Kazakhstan as a source of food and as working and saddle animals as well. Here, for the first time, microarray-based medium-density SNP genotyping of six traditionally defined types and breeds of indigenous Kazakh horses was conducted to reveal their genetic structure and find markers associated with animal size and weight. The results showed that the pre-defined separation between breeds and sampled populations was not supported by the molecular data. The lack of genetic variation between breeds and populations was revealed by the principal component analysis (PCA), ADMIXTURE, and distance based analyses, as well as the general population parameters expected and observed heterozygosity (He and Ho) and between group fixation index (Fst). The comparison with previously published data on global horse breed diversity revealed the relatively high level of individual diversity of Kazakh horses in comparison with the well-known foreign breeds. The Mongolian and Tuva breeds were identified as the closest horse landraces, demonstrating similar patterns of internal variability. The genome-wide association analysis was performed for animal size and weight as the traits directly related with meat productivity of horses. The analysis identified a set of 60 SNPs linked with horse genes involved in the regulation of processes of development of connective tissues and the bone system, neural system, immune system regulation, and other processes. The present study is novel and introduces Kazakh horses as a promising genetic source for horse breeding and selection.
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