Роль научного руководителя в научно-образовательной деятельности аспирантаРоссийская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации ул. 8 Марта, 66, г. Екатеринбург,
Проблемы научной и образовательной деятельности аспирантов 1) Российская академия народного хозяйства и государственной службы при Президенте Российской Федерации ул.
Currently, about 30 million [8] compatriots live in the world who finds themselves outside of Russia. The collapse of the USSR and the formation new independent states saw millions of Russian people separated from Russia by borders, and faced discrimination on the basis of language, which caused an increase in the migration activity of the Russian population in the post-Soviet space. This situation requires a review of the principles and directions state authorities’ activity in the migration sphere and determination of the necessary regulatory legal framework for regulating the processes of the influx of migrants from the former Soviet republics to Russia. The purposes of the research are 1) to study the regulatory and institutional foundations of modern public policy in relation to compatriots abroad and 2) to identify its main directions. The main research method is the analysis of official documents, regulatory legal acts, reporting and analytical documents of authorities implementing the state policy regarding compatriots living abroad. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding expatriate citizens is a system of legal, diplomatic, social, economic, and organizational measures aimed at supporting and protecting Russian compatriots, ensuring the exercise of their rights and legitimate interests, as well as creating conditions under which they could would live as equal citizens in foreign countries or return to the Russian Federation. The state policy of the Russian Federation regarding compatriots abroad is implemented in two opposite directions, which significantly reduces its effectiveness. The mechanisms for implementing this policy are various forms of horizontal and vertical cooperation and interaction in various fields such as humanitarian, social, educational, cultural, and economic. A significant number of policy implementation entities required the creation and use of modern mechanisms for coordinating their activities. The resources spent on the return of compatriots to their homeland are not able to compensate for the emigration outflow from Russia, however, mechanisms aimed at solving the latter problem are not provided. In fact, the local population is excluded from the scope of this policy, which entails a number of problems associated not only with the attitude of the host society towards the migrants, but also with the desire of a significant part of the youth to leave Russia. Keywords: state policy, compatriots, institutions
At present, a new stage of reforming postgraduate studies as the third stage of higher education has been identified. All measures taken by the state are aimed at increasing the number of defenses of dissertations for the degree of candidate of sciences at the end of graduate school. However, the percentage of PhD graduates who have defended their dissertations has been steadily declining every year. +e purpose of the study is to identify the problems of research activities of graduate students of Russian universities and propose ways to solve them. +e following methods were used to collect data: analysis of official documents, online survey and free interview. 386 postgraduate students from 42 Russian universities took part in the survey. As a result of the study, the main problems of research activities of postgraduate students of Russian universities were identified: low performance of postgraduate studies (in 2019, only 10,5% of graduate students defended their dissertations); lack of necessary resources (financial, material and technical, etc.) for conducting empirical research, experiment, this problem is especially relevant for representatives of technical specialties; low publication activity of graduate students; insufficient support of the research activities of graduate students by the scientific supervisor, the graduate department and other structures of the university; the need to combine work with graduate school; insufficient level of financial support for research activities of graduate students from the state and the university; lack of the necessary knowledge, skills and abilities among postgraduates to carry out research activities and write a dissertation for the degree of candidate of sciences; problems in the organization of the educational process in graduate school. Based on the results of the study, proposals were made that can contribute to solving the identified problems in the selection of graduate students, the development of the educational component of postgraduate programs, state final attestation, publication activity and financial support for graduate students.
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