An advanced 200 keV heavy ion beam diagnostic has been developed for the TJ-II stellarator based on the simultaneous utilization of a 30°Proca-Green electrostatic energy analyzer and a multiple cell array detector. This innovative design allows instantaneous measurements of plasma potential and electron density profiles together with their respective fluctuations. In this article we present a description of the main parts of a heavy ion beam diagnostic ͑injection system, detectors, and control and data acquisition system͒ and the results obtained during the first operation on TJ-II. The problems of plasma loading of the detectors and hard x-ray generation associated with the probing beam are reported.
A heavy ion beam probe diagnostic was installed on T-10 tokamak. Cs+ and Tl+ beams with the energy loo-280 keV and intensity about a few dozen ,uA were used. The diagnostic is able to make two-dimensional measurements of plasma parameters along the detector line, The detector grid covered the first quadrant of the plasma cross section. The measurements are possible with r/a=0.3-1, and o=O"-90" for B=lS T and Cs+ ions. High-voltage stabilizers keep the analyzer and accelerator voltage drift on the level A U/U-10m5. An absolute in situ calibration of the energy analyzer, using He target will allow to make a more accurate absolute referencing of the potential. The time dependence of the local plasma parameters was obtained. A scan along the detector line by variation of injection angle and obtaining the whole profile during one pulse is possible. The diagnostic is also sensitive to poloidal magnetic field. 0 1995 American Institute of Physics.
The particulars of dc current passage through a structure consisting of a doubly connected superconductor (DCS) with branches that are asymmetric with respect to length and critical current have been investigated experimentally. The short branch, which has the lowest critical current, was a clamping niobium-niobium point contact with length comparable to the coherence length of the superconductor. In contrast to a previously studied DCS with a short branch much longer than the coherence length, it was found that when the short-branch current reaches the critical value the currents in the branches of the DCS do not undergo self-excited oscillations; a current exceeding the critical value enters the long branch when this current is increased in portions (is quantized), and when it is subsequently decreased it freezes partially or completely in the DCS circuit.
4506 Background: Sunitinib (S) is established as a standard first-line therapy for patients (pts) with advanced RCC. However, treatment can be limited by the occurrence of drug-related adverse events (AEs). This Phase II study assessed the efficacy and safety of nintedanib (N) – a potent, triple angiokinase inhibitor of VEGFR-1–3, PDGFR-α/β, and FGFR-1–3, as well as RET and Flt3 – vs S in previously untreated pts with RCC. Methods: Ninety-nine eligible pts (96 of whom were treated) with advanced, unresectable/recurrent clear cell RCC, an ECOG performance status of 0–1, and no prior systemic therapy were randomized 2:1 to receive N 200 mg twice daily (n=64; given in 4-week cycles) or S 50 mg once daily (n=32; 4 weeks on, 2 weeks off schedule). Treatment continued until disease progression or unacceptable drug-related AEs. Primary endpoints were progression-free survival at 9 months (PFS-9) and, in N-treated pts only, QTc interval change (baseline to day 15). Secondary endpoints included PFS, objective response rate (ORR; RECIST 1.1), overall survival (OS), time to progression (TTP), time to treatment failure (TTF), and AEs. Results: Baseline characteristics were balanced between the arms. PFS-9 was not statistically significantly different between N- and S-treated pts (43 vs 45%; p=0.85). There were also no statistically significant differences between N and S with regard to PFS (median: 8.44 vs 8.38 mo; hazard ratio: 1.16; 95% CI: 0.71–1.89; p=0.56), confirmed ORR (18.8 vs 31.3%; p=0.19), OS (median: 20.37 vs 21.22 mo; p=0.63), TTP (median: 8.48 vs 8.54 mo; p=0.52), and TTF (median: 8.41 vs 8.36 mo; p=0.46). Grade ≥3 AEs occurred in 47% of N-treated pts and 56% of S-treated pts. Common AEs (all grades; N vs S) included diarrhea (61 vs 50%), nausea (38 vs 34%), fatigue (both 25%), and vomiting (16 vs 22%). Dermatologic AEs (8 vs 47%) were less frequent with N than S. There was no increase from baseline in QTc >60 ms on days 1 or 15 in N-treated pts, and there was no relationship between N exposure and QT interval change. Conclusions: N demonstrated similar efficacy to S and had a manageable safety profile, including a lower incidence of dermatologic AEs vs S. In addition, N was not associated with QT prolongation. Clinical trial information: NCT01024920.
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