The article presents the survey data of 1830 average samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI»", provided by livestock and feed enterprises, agricultural companies, food manufacturers and 152 samples of feed provided by specialists of veterinary services , livestock enterprises, owners of peasant farms to determine the death of animals and birds, for the content of mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) in the period from 2018 to 2020. Determination of the DON content in the samples was carried out according to a certified procedure based on the method of thin layer chromatography. In the course of summarizing the results, it was found that samples of feed, feed raw materials and food products received through the Test Center of the of the FSBSI «FCTRBS-RRVI» from different regions of the Russian Federation in terms of DON content corresponded to the normative indicators specified in the current regulatory and technical documentation. When determining the cause of death of animals and birds, 152 samples were examined, received from farms of different regions of the Republics of Tatarstan, Bashkortostan, Mordovia, Kostroma and Ryazan regions. It was found that 1.97% of samples were contaminated with DON at concentrations from 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg of feed, in the rest, the content of mycotoxin was below the sensitivity of the method (< 0.2 mg/kg), which does not exceed the limit permissible concentration. It was recommended to exclude feed contaminated with mycotoxin from the diet of animals, since at the established concentrations, DON is not the main etiological factor in the death of animals, but due to the presence of carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic, embryotoxic and immunosuppressive properties, together with other factors, it is contributing.
T-2 toxin is one of the most common and toxic trichothecene mycotoxins – secondary metabolites of molds that develop on cereals and some other crops. This article discusses the development stage of a test system for the determination of T-2 toxin based on enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), which uses an enzyme label – a conjugate of anti-rabbit goat antibodies with peroxidase. An important step in the creation of any ELISA-based test system is the preliminary titration of reaction components. The aim of the work was to determine the optimal concentration of the conjugate of antispecies antibodies in an indirectly competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent enzyme immunoassay with the indication of T-2 toxin. A number of dilutions of the antivirus conjugate were examined: 1 : 1000; 1 : 2000; 1 : 3000; 1 : 4000; 1 : 5000; 1 : 7500; 1 : 10000; 1 : 12 500; 1 : 15,000; 1 : 17,500; 1 : 20,000; 1 : 30 000. In the ELISA staging protocol, calibration solutions of T-2 toxin at concentrations of 0.0 were used; 2.5; 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, 160 ng/ml and specific polyclonal rabbit antibodies to the T-2-BSA conjugate. Based on the average optical density values, calibration plots were constructed using the percentage of signal absorption from the zero standard. When evaluating the results of the study, the criterion for choosing the dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was considered the greatest, at which the best linearity of the grading plot is achieved and the level of its non-specific reaction with the zero standard would be the lowest. It was established that the optimal variants of dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies under the same experimental conditions tested were 1: 4000, 1 : 5000 and 1 : 12 500. Dose-dependent signal absorption was observed in all concentrations of anti-species antibodies. Dilutions of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies 1 : 1000–1 : 3000 and 1 : 17 500–1 : 30 000 were not taken into account, since the optical density of most wells was higher than the optimal boundaries in the first case (> 3.9) and lower in the second (< 0.4). Based on the foregoing, optimal dilution of the conjugate of anti-species antibodies was selected 1 : 12 500.
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