This article considers the main results of identity research on Siberian urban history. The author identifies the seven most extensively developed topics in studying the history of urban identities. The first topic focuses on the formation of a city’s general identity in the initial stages of its formation. Historians aim to reveal the mechanisms of general city identification, as well as the sources, criteria, and values underlying the identity of a particular city. The second topic includes studies of the drift of urban production and industrial identities in the context of industrialization: quite often, it was industrial markers that determined the direction of a city’s identification. The third topic covers the study of ethnicity in urban spaces. Historians reveal the reaction of ethnicity to processes of adaptation and acculturation. The fourth issue concerns the study of gender identity in the context of the masculine orientation of urbanisation processes. Historians focus on the study of mechanisms underlying the dominance of masculine culture in the urban environment and the development of the socio-cultural significance and functions of women, their limitations and emancipation. The fifth topic concerns the identification of social stratification in urban systems. Urban history gains new knowledge through studies which examine urbanisation as a factor of differentiation in urban society and classical structures of society (estates and classes), as well as in works on the identification of the middle class, social mobility, the formation of marginal groups, and vernacular culture. The sixth topic is expanded by works dealing with the historical imagology of the city. Images are forms of identity representations in cultural and public discourses. Therefore, in studying them, urban history today makes a practical contribution to the development of modern urbanism. The seventh topic focuses on the historiographical analysis of the identification research strategies of urban historians themselves. In the process of revealing urban identities, the research model should be based on a wide range of sources of a predominantly narrative nature and the anthropological approach. It seems appropriate to use the potential of memoirs, oral history, periodicals, fiction, and journalistic literature. Studies on the identity palette of Russian urban history go beyond purely historical issues and are based on deep interdisciplinary interaction.

* Игорь Николаевич СтасьАннотация. Исследуется формирование трущоб в нефтедобывающих райо-нах Сибири в советский период на основе анализа архивных документов из двух главных архивов Западно-Сибирского нефтегазового комплекса -Государ-ственного архива Тюменской области и Государственного архива социально-политической истории Тюменской области. Автор проводил полевые исследо-вания в трущобах городов нефтедобывающих районов Сибири и брал интервью у экспертов по градостроительству в регионе. Оригинальность работы заключа-ется в том, что несмотря на современную критику советской урбанизации, в российской и зарубежной историографии практически не было исследований, посвященных формированию трущоб в процессе урбанизации Советского Сою-за. В данной статье автор пытается показать механизмы создания трущоб в го-родах СССР на примере нефтегазового освоения Сибири в 1960-1980-е гг. Ис-следование доказывает, что появление трущоб было следствием политики Со-ветского правительства, министерств и ведомств -геологов, нефтяников и строителей, которые осуществляли эксплуатацию нефтяного региона Сибири. Урбанизация происходила бесконтрольно из-за стихийной и хаотичной мигра-ции огромного количества рабочих, которых ведомства призывали приезжать на строительство нефтедобывающего комплекса, но для них не хватало благо-устроенного жилья. Тогда трущобы выступали социальным механизмом реше-ния жилищной проблемы. Ведомства сами централизованно возводили трущоб-ное неблагоустроенное жилье для своих рабочих, становившееся в конечном итоге важнейшим источником общегородской и ведомственной идентификации многих городских жителей нефтедобывающих районов Сибири. Трущобы как основа самоидентификации стали выступать социальным фильтром, оставляю-щим в нефтяном регионе психологически и физически сильнейших, связываю-щих свое будущее с Сибирью.Ключевые слова: трущобы, урбанизация, ведомства, нефтегазовое освое-ние, Сибирь Вопрос о ложной урбанизацииИнтерпретация российской и советской урбанизации является акту-альной научной проблемой в современных российских исследованиях * Статья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке Российского гуманитарного научно-го фонда, проект № 16-31-01014 «Становление исторической урбанистики России: тео-рия и историография советской урбанизации».Урбанизация самостроя: трущобы в нефтедобывающих районах 81 социальной и культурной истории XX в. Центральная тема в современ-ных дискуссиях об урбанизации -жилищная проблема и ее решение в СССР. Советская историография отказывалась признавать появление и существование трущоб в процессе социалистической урбанизации. Трущобы рассматривались только как продукт капитализма, которого не может быть в Советском Союзе. Считалось, что социалистическая урбанизация была процессом планируемым и регулируемым, поэтому ей удавалось избегать появления трущоб (Connor 1971: 559).В 1990-х гг., когда пали идеологические цепи, в социально-гуманитарной науке сформировался кардинально иной -критический -подход к сущности урбанизационного процесса в СССР, который, в том числе, признал формирование в р...

The article analyzes the formation and development of Urban History as a branch of historical science before and immediately after the era of the Urban Crisis of the 1950s and 1960s. The concept of the article suggests that urban history was formed in a constant dialogue with the social sciences. At the beginning, academic urban historians appeared in the 1930s as opponents of American “agrarian” and frontier histories. Drawing their ideas from the Chicago School of sociology, they reproduced the national history of civic local communities that expressed the achievements of Western civilization. However, in the context of the impending Urban Crisis, social sciences, together with urban historians, have declared the importance of generalizing social phenomena. A group of rebels soon formed among historians. They called their movement ‘New Urban History’ and advocated the return of historical context to urban studies, and were against social theory. However, in an effort to reconstruct history “from the bottom up” through a quantitative study of social mobility, new urban historians have lost the city as an important variable of their analysis. They had to abandon the popular name and recognize themselves as representatives of social history and interested in the problems of class, culture, consciousness, and conflicts. In this situation, some social scientists have tried to try on the elusive brand ‘New Urban History’, but their attempt also failed. As a result, only those who remained faithful to the national narrative or interdisciplinary approach remained urban historians, but continued to remain in the bosom of historical science, rushing around conventional urban sociology and its denial.

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This article examines the role of Indigenous practices in the development of the Soviet Arctic in the 1920s and 1930s. In the 1920s the Committee of the North and the State Planning Committee (Gosplan) believed that the development of the natural resources of the far north was feasible only with the help of the Indigenous population. They saw Indigenous peoples who were able to benefit from the north, despite its harsh environmental conditions, as guides for Soviet technocrats. Ethnographers and researchers of the north formed a discourse concerning the subsistence (promyslovaia) colonization of the Arctic, which would involve the rationalization of traditional economic sectors, such as reindeer herding, fishing, and hunting. During the Great Break of the late 1920s and early 1930s, the Committee of the North planned an extensive expansion of subsistence colonization to the undeveloped territories of the far north. Its attitude united with the practices of ecological imperialism when agriculture began to be introduced into northern territories. Traditional economic activities became part of industrial agriculture. The construction of state farms (sovkhozy) oriented toward reindeer herding and hunting aimed to implement this ecological imperialism. However, subsistence colonization suffered a crushing defeat during a reorganization of the Arctic economy in the mid-1930s. Indigenous peoples of the north and their traditional economic activities became superfluous in the development paradigm pursued by Soviet technocrats.