In this study the ability of spherical particles (SPs) obtained from the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) virions to enhance the immunogenic potential of the vaccine was evaluated. TMV SPs were shown to increase the protective properties of the widely used effective Russian adjuvant-free rabies vaccine, composed of killed rabies virions. The results of the NIH potency test showed enhancement of protectivity, that is comparable with the effect of the incomplete Freund׳s adjuvant on the same vaccine.
Reproductive disorders, presumably caused by Chlamydia abortus, are common among the ovine population of the Mari El Republic, Russia. C. abortus infection was determined by serologic testing or isolation and detection of the organism by PCR and direct immunofluorescence in tissue samples. Rams, ewes, and lambs (10 individuals each) were randomly chosen for serological testing by the complement fixation test and 7 of 30 (23%) animals tested were positive. Tissue samples were collected from ewes and aborted fetuses for isolation by inoculating chicken embryo yolk sacs (n = 41). The same samples were analyzed by PCR using commercial and in-house PCR kits and by direct immunofluorescence. C. abortus was detected in 58.5% of samples using PCR and in 60.9% of the samples by direct immunofluorescence. Five Chlamydia isolates were cultured in egg yolk sacs and adapted for growth in cell cultures. Phylogenetic analysis showed no substantial difference between Russian isolates and those from other parts of the world. The results of the study further demonstrate the usefulness of PCR for detection of C. abortus as a faster, simpler, and more reliable approach in comparison to culturing the organism and underscoring the necessity of screening for chlamydiosis as a cause of ovine abortion.
One of the branches of domestic biotechnology is the production of immunobiological drugs, including vaccines for medical and veterinary purposes. Despite the general decline observed in the global economy in recent years, the pharmaceutical market is developing. In 2020, the biological drug market could exceed $250 billion. In the Russian Federation and the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union, serious actions are being taken to harmonize national regulatory requirements with international rules and foreign control systems in the field of the production of immunobiological drugs and quality control. It should be noted the price availability of domestic vaccines, their high adaptation to the Russian epizootic situation, since they were created on the basis of strains characteristic of the territory of the country and the Eurasian continent. For the prevention of diseases such as foot-and-mouth disease, anthrax, trichophytia, microsporia, brucellosis, domestic vaccines are used in Russia. The main component of the strategy for the production of veterinary vaccines to increase competition of products is ensuring their quality. Products of Russian companies that do not have the practice of applying international standards cannot be competitive. This leads to the loss of the domestic market. Currently, regulatory documents of the Russian Federation and the Eurasian Economic Union have established uniform requirements for the organization of the production and quality control of medicines for medical and veterinary use. Within the framework of these documents, areas related to the development and certification of standard samples of various levels are actively developing, the purpose of which is to quantify the specific activity of drugs and the metrological characteristics of the methods used to evaluate quality, stability indicators, as well as control of auxiliary substances. The use of auxiliary substances and pharmaceutical substances is regulated by regulatory documentation: GF, FFS, FS, FSP or industry standards. This is necessary, since heterogeneity of drug quality parameters is possible due to various factors, including uncontrolled and uncontrolled.
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