Background: Decreasing blood glutamate concentrations after traumatic brain injury accelerates brain-to-blood glutamate efflux, leading to improved neurologic outcomes. The authors hypothesize that treatment with blood glutamate scavengers should reduce neuronal cell loss, whereas administration of glutamate should worsen outcomes. The authors performed histologic studies of neuronal survival in the rat hippocampus after traumatic brain injury and treatment with blood glutamate scavengers. Methods: Traumatic brain injury was induced on anesthetized male Sprague-Dawley rats by a standardized weight drop. Intravenous treatment groups included saline (control), oxaloacetate, pyruvate, and glutamate. Neurologic outcome was assessed using a Neurological Severity Score at 1 h, and 1, 2, 7, 14, 21, 28 days. Blood glutamate was determined at baseline and 90 min.
Aims: To investigate the expression of the imprinted oncofetal H19 gene in hepatic metastases derived from a range of human carcinomas and assess its prognostic value with the view of developing a DNA based treatment for such metastases. Methods: Non-radioactive in situ hybridisation for H19 RNA was performed on paraffin wax embedded sections of liver biopsies or partial hepatectomy specimens, taken from 80 patients with hepatic metastases derived from carcinomas from several medical centres in Israel. The degree of expression was graded qualitatively according to the number of cells expressing H19 and the intensity of staining. The medical files were searched for demographic data and survival times before and after diagnosis of hepatic metastases. Results: H19 expression was found in the hepatic metastases of 64 of 80 patients. High expression (higher staining grades) of H19 in the metastases was found in 43 of 80 patients. However, H19 expression status in the hepatic metastases did not correlate with either the length of time to development of metastasis or overall survival. Conclusions: H19 is highly expressed in more than half of hepatic metastases derived from a range of carcinomas. Thus, these metastases may be suitable candidates for H19 DNA based treatment. Further studies are needed to determine whether H19 expression has prognostic value in metastatic liver disease using larger numbers of specific subtypes of primary carcinomas.T he liver is one of the major sites of cancer metastasis. 1The most common primary malignancies producing hepatic metastases are carcinomas originating in the gastrointestinal tract, breast, and lung, in addition to melanoma, but cancer from any site may spread to the liver. 1 This is often an ominous sign, indicating poor prognosis. 1 However, it has been shown that in cases of colon and perhaps even breast carcinoma with a limited number of metastases, partial hepatectomy can provide hope for longterm survival. Other treatment methods for hepatic metastases include hepatic arterial chemotherapy, systemic chemotherapy, chemoembolisation, and several ablative techniques such as ethanol injection, cryoablation, radiofrequency ablation, microwave ablation, interstitial laser photocoagulation, and high intensity focused ultrasound. [3][4][5] All these methods have some, albeit limited, success in extending patient survival or in palliative treatment. [3][4][5][6][7] There are also some promising novel therapeutic modalities based on the molecular biology of metastasis in various phases of development.8 These include: antiangiogenesis agents, metalloprotease inhibitors, immunotherapy, and gene therapy based treatment strategies. ''The aim of our present study was to determine whether H19 is expressed in hepatic metastases from a range of human carcinomas, with a view to establishing the mechanistic basis for developing a DNA based treatment for such metastases'' H19 is an imprinted, maternally expressed oncofetal gene that functions as an RNA molecule. 9 H19 resides on chromosome ...
Capecitabine has clinical activity in MRCC patients who have non-clear cell histology and a good or intermediate prognosis. Additional prospective randomized trial comparing capecitabine with placebo is required.
Clinical efficiency of low dose Roncoleukin was studied in 30 patients with metastatic exudative pleurisy. Intrapleural therapy proved to be highly effective (overall effect reached 84%), was well tolerated, and improved patients' quality of life.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
hi@scite.ai
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.