Purpose. Rock dumps are long-term sources of air pollution. A significant amount of harmful substances enters the atmosphere. Particularly intense is the pollution of atmospheric air due to dusting dumps. An important task is the development of methods for predicting the dynamics of atmospheric air pollution during the emission of harmful impurities from dumps. When developing methods for predicting the dynamics of air pollution from dumps. It is very important to create a universal model that would allow on a single computing platform to calculate the process of atmospheric air pollution for various impurities that are released from dumps. Another important problem is the choice of the place for optimal placement of future dumps in order to minimize their negative impact on the environment. Methodology. Numerical modeling of the formation of atmospheric pollution zones near rock dumps is based on the application of the equation of turbulent dispersion of an impurity in the atmosphere. To solve the problem of choosing the rational location of the dumps, the conjugate equation is used. Numerical integration is carried out using an implicit difference scheme. Findings. Numerical models are developed. The first numerical model allows one to evaluate the effect of rock dumps on air pollution. The second numerical model allows, on the basis of a one-time calculation, to determine the rational location of the future dump from the point of view of its minimal impact on air pollution. Originality. Two numerical models are proposed that are based on the application of the turbulent diffusion equation and the conjugate equation. These models make it possible to quickly determine the effect of rock dumps on air pollution. The models take into account the convective transport of the pollutant, atmospheric turbulent diffusion, the intensity of the emission of impurities from the dump. Practical value. The developed numerical models are implemented in the form of program codes. These program codes can be used when performing serial calculations on computers of low and medium power, i.e. computer technology, which is available to organizations involved in environmental issues in technologically saturated regions. When carrying out calculations based on the constructed numerical models, typical initial data are used regarding the intensity of the emission of impurities from dumps, weather conditions characteristic of a specific region of the country.
Purpose. This work involves the development of a numerical model for the calculation of areas of thermal damage to people in the event of solid propellant burning at the industrial site. Methodology. An equation expressing the law of energy conservation was used to solve the problem of determining the areas of thermal shock of people at the industrial site. A potential flow model was used to calculate the airflow velocity field in the presence of buildings at the industrial site where an emergency occurs. The numerical solution of the two-dimensional equation for the velocity potential is derived using the Liebmann method. This numerical model takes into account the uneven velocity field of the wind flow that is formed near industrial buildings. An implicit difference splitting scheme was used to numerically solve the energy equation. The physical splitting of a two-dimensional energy equation into a system of one-dimensional equations describing the temperature transfer in one coordinate direction has been carried out previously. At each splitting step, the unknown temperature value is determined by an explicit point-topoint computation scheme. Based on the numerical model built, the code using the FORTRAN algorithm language is created. Findings. Based on the developed numerical model, a computational experiment was conducted to evaluate the risk of thermal damage to people at the industrial site where solid propellants are produced. The dangerous areas for personnel are identified. Originality. An efficient numerical model has been developed to calculate the zones of thermal pollution in case of solid propellant burning. Practical value. Based on the developed mathematical model, a computer program was created, which allows performing serial calculations for determining the zones of thermal damage during emergencies at the chemically hazardous objects. The mathematical model developed can be used to design an emergency response plan for chemically hazardous objects.
Purpose. The paper involves the development of a method to assess the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. Methodology. To describe the process of chemical agent scattering in the atmosphere, ejected in the event of a terrorist attack, the equation of mass transfer of an impurity in atmospheric air is used. The equation takes into account the velocity of the wind flow, atmospheric diffusion, the intensity of chemical agent emission, the presence of buildings near the site of the emission of a chemically hazardous substance. For numerical integration of the modeling equation, a finite difference method is used. A feature of the developed numerical model is the possibility of assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack under different weather conditions and the presence of buildings. Findings. A specialized numerical model and software package has been developed that can be used to assess the territorial risk, both in the case of terrorist attacks, with the use of chemical agents, and in case of extreme situations at chemically hazardous facilities and transport. The method can be implemented on small and medium-sized computers, which allows it to be widely used for solving the problems of the class under consideration. The results of a computational experiment are presented that allow estimating possibilities of the proposed method for assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent. Originality. An effective method of assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemically hazardous substance is proposed. The method can be used to assess the territorial risk in an urban environment, which allows you to obtain adequate data on possible damage areas. The method is based on the numerical integration of the fundamental mass transfer equation, which expresses the law of conservation of mass in a liquid medium. Practical value. The proposed method for assessing the territorial risk in the event of a terrorist attack using a chemical agent can be used to calculate the affected areas near administrative buildings, centers and other socially significant facilities.
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Purpose. Research of the problem of development, agreement of project documentation, obtaining permission for construction works and commissioning of construction projects in the reconstruction, modernization and overhaul linear of objects engineering and transport infrastructure which are operated by the railways of Ukraine andidentification of problematic issues for scientific and design institutions in the part of economic activity. Methodology. Carrying out the analysis of standard documentation and legislation of Ukraine concerning sequence of registration, agreement of project documentation, obtaining permission to construction works and commissioning of linear objects of engineering and transport infrastructure of railway transport of Ukraine, during of development of the working draft for overhaul of the railway overpass which are operated on approach railway industrial enterprise in the Dnipropetrovsk region. Findings. As a result of the analysis of standard documentation, the legislation of Ukraine and experience of development and agreement of the real project for overhaul of the railway overpass which are operated on approach railway industrial enterprise in the Dnipropetrovsk region, it was identified shortcomings of the legislation of Ukraine which make the execution impossible of work on the overhaul of linear objects of engineering and transport infrastructure of railway transport in a short time and can lead as to substantial economic losses, and directly to influence safety of rail traffic. Originality. It was found perspective directions of scientific and practical researches which carrying out will allow to improve standard documentation and the legislation of Ukraine which regulate sequence of registration, structure, agreement of project documentation foroverhaul , obtaining permission to construction works and commissioning of linear objects of engineering and transport infrastructure of railway transport. Practical value. Results of researches can be applied in scientific and design institutions of Ukraine during development and correcting of standard documentation which regulatessequence of development, agreement of construction projects, obtaining permission to construction works and commissioning of linear objects of engineering and transport infrastructure of railway transport.
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