Upward trend in the number of human yersiniosis cases, caused by bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica, is globally observed nowadays. This microorganism is widely spread in the environment, able to persist for prolonged periods in animal products and propagate under low temperatures. Basic infection sources are meat and meat products. In order to isolate Yersinia enterocolitica from food and feed samples horizontal method for the detection pursuant to GOST ISO 10273-2013 was used. It was noted, that Yersinia enterocolitica isolation is associated with certain difficulties, because the sample contains only small quantities of the agent and only the use of special techniques allows removing the concurrent microflora. It was proposed to use cold enrichment (4 ± 1) °C of the test material before conventional technique is started. The technique was validated pursuant to GOST ISO 16140-2011. As a result, it was established that validated method for Yersinia enterocolitica bacteria detection in food products, performed at the Microbiology Laboratory, is specific. The method sensitivity is 10 CFU/cm3. Intralaboratory reproducibility and repeatability were confirmed by relevant tests. Additional culture step at (4 ± 1) °C allows complete inhibition of non-psychrophilic microorganisms’ growth.
To date, there is a whole system of legal documents, regulating food security issues in the Russian Federation. Monitoring of food quality and safety is performed on the federal level, on the level of the Russian Federation Subjects and on the municipal level based on the developed and adopted regulatory and methodical documents. The paper presents the analysis of ASSOL information system data related to microbial contamination of animal raw materials and products, collected within the following official activities: “Laboratory Testing within Official Monitoring of Food Safety and Quality” and “Laboratory Testing of Animal Raw Materials and Products, Feed and Biological Materials for the Purposes of Food Safety and Quality Assurance”. Microbiological test data were obtained from 37 Russian laboratories, subordinate to the Rosselkhoznadzor, within 2015–2018. The analysis performed showed that the maximum number of tests was performed for the following pathogenic microorganisms: Salmonella bacteria (29.5% within official monitoring and 26.8% within official programme). The highest number of non-compliances within monitoring was revealed when testing for total viable count (total mesophilic anaerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms) – 14.8% and Coliforms – 8.98%; within the official programme most violations were related to yeast (18.8%), yeasts and molds (18.5%) and TVC (12.4%). The parameters, showing less than 1% of positives within official programme testing, were identified. They include Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Proteus bacteria and sulphite-reducing clostridia. The necessity in further tests for safety and quality of animal raw materials and products in the Russian Federation was justified.
Staphylococci are one of the causes of food poisoning in many countries of the world. Intoxication occurs due to staphylococcal exotoxins entering the human body. One of the main sources of staphylococcal toxins is milk and dairy products contaminated with pathogenic staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus has the greatest sanitary and hygienic importance. In 2016–2018 168 samples of ready-to-eat dairy products were tested for Staphylococcus aureus in the Food Safety Laboratory of the FGBI “ARRIAH” in the Republic of Crimea. The tests were performed according to GOST 30347-2016 “Milk and dairy products. Methods of Staphylococcus aureus detection”. Biochemical properties of the recovered isolates were studied using Vitek 2 Compact analyzer. It was established that the following groups of products are contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus to the greatest extent: butter (20%), sour cream (9.09%), curd and curd products (4.55%), pasteurized milk in the consumer packaging (4.35%). The basic biological characteristics of the isolates have been studied and their antimicrobial resistance has been determined. All the isolated Staphylococcus aureus cultures demonstrated a 100% sensitivity to benzylpenicillin, oxacillin, imipenem, ticarcillin, meropenem, ciprofl oxacin, ofl oxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, doxycycline, tetracycline, rifampin, chloramphenicol, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, trimethoprim and were 100% resistant to enrofl oxacin. Resistance to streptomycin was determined in 28.6% of isolates, and 14.3% of isolates were resistant to vancomycin. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci were not detected among the bacteria.
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