This study aimed to determine the effects of 12 weeks of isocaloric programs of high-intensity intermittent training (HIIT) or moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) or a short-duration HIIT (1/2HIIT) inducing only half the energy deficit on a cycle ergometer, on body weight and composition, cardiovascular fitness, resting metabolism rate (RMR), respiratory exchange ratio (RER), nonexercise physical activity (PA) levels and fasting and postprandial insulin response in sedentary obese individuals. Forty-six sedentary obese individuals (30 women), with a mean BMI of 33.3 ± 2.9 kg/m2 and a mean age of 34.4 ± 8.8 years were randomly assigned to one of the three training groups: HIIT (n = 16), MICT (n = 14) or 1/2HIIT (n = 16) and exercise was performed 3 times/week for 12 weeks. Overall, there was a significant reduction in body weight, waist (p < .001) and hip (p < .01) circumference,, trunk and leg fat mass (FM; p < .01) and an increase in trunk and leg fat free mass (FFM; p < .01) and cardiovascular fitness (VO2max in ml/kg/min; p < .001) with exercise. However, no significant differences were observed between groups. There was no significant change in RMR, RER, nonexercise PA levels, fasting insulin or insulin sensitivity with exercise or between groups. There was a tendency for a reduction in AUC insulin with exercise (p = .069), but no differences between groups. These results indicate that isocaloric training protocols of HIIT or MICT (or 1/2HIIT inducing only half the energy deficit) exert similar metabolic and cardiovascular improvements in sedentary obese individuals.
s recent studies have shown, the development of chronic renal failure (CRF) is accompanied by basal hyperinsulinemia and decreased glucose tolerance [5, 7].
Anemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for the development of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, there are not enough studies on the effect of iron metabolism on left ventricular geometry. Materials and Methods. The authors examined 147 patients (69 males and 78 females) with CKD undergoing long-term hemodialysis. The mean age was 55.6±13.4 years. Median dialysis treatment was 3 [2; 5] years. Kt/V index was 1.52±0.2. Based on the echocardiogram data, we calculated left ventricular mass (LVM), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), relative wall thickness index (RWTI), intima, and medium fiber fractional shortening. Ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin saturation were also determined. Results. Changes in LV geometry were detected in 124 (84.4 %) patients. Higher LVMI, and RWTI parameters were observed in the group of patients with hemoglobin <100 g/l. Patients with ferritin levels >800 ng/l demonstrated higher end-systolic dimension and lower left ventricular ejection fraction compared to patients with ferritin levels <500 ng/mL. Conclusion. Structural and functional indicators of the heart in patients undergoing long-term hemodialysis correlate not only with hemoglobin level, but also with indicators of iron metabolism (ferritin, transferrin, and transferrin saturation). In patients with a high ferritin level, left ventricle functional parameters are lower.
Aim. To assess the clinical effectiveness of thrombolytic therapy (TLT) with alteplase in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Material and methods. The study included 54 AMI patients, divided into two groups: Group I (n=26), which underwent TLT, and Group II (n=28), which had contraindications to TLT. The TLT method was an accelerated alteplase infusion. Both groups were comparable by age and sex. In all patients, AMI biomarker levels and echocardiography (EchoCG) parameters were measured. Results. Successful thrombolysis was performed in 19 patients (73 %). The mean “symptom-to-needle” time was 3,7±0,6 hours. In Groups I and II, the 50 % reduction in the ST segment deviation from isoelectric line at 180 minutes was observed in 34,6 % and 0 % of the patients, respectively. In addition, in Group I, there was a reduction in the number of patients complaining of general weakness, dyspnoea, and recurrent angina attacks. The levels of cardio-specific AMI biomarkers were higher in Group II. According to the EchoCG results at 10 days after admission, the Group I patients demonstrated higher minute volume (by 28,8 %), higher ejection fraction (by 30 %), and higher end-diastolic dimension (by 23,8 %). Conclusion. The results obtained confirm high effectiveness of the in-hospital TLT with accelerated alteplase infusion. Alteplase therapy was associated with clinical and morphological myocardial salvage in AMI patients.
The aim of the present work was to study the clinical value of 2-microglobulin test to detect renal disorders in hypertensive patients. The 2-microglobulin test was performed in 118 people, including 88 hypertensive patients (53 women and 25 men), 18 men with chronic hypertensive glomerulonephritis, and 12 healthy individuals. The age of the patients ranged from 26 to 59 years. Depending on the stage of the underlying disease, the patients were subdivided as follows: 19 patients were verified to have stage I hypertension, 42 patients had stage II, and 27 patients had stage III.
During the vitrification of liquid radioactive wastes, nitrogen oxides are released into the gas phase. The trapping of nitrogen oxides by water in an absorption column makes it impossible to decrease the volume fraction of NO x in the emissions by more than 0.7-1%. The simplest way to make the equipment more efficient is to use a water solution of carbomide for spraying. Such a method is described in an Inventor's Certificate [1]. Information about the Norsk-Hydro process, adopted at three plants which produce nitric acid in Norway, is presented: carbomide solutions decrease the concentration of nitrogen oxides in the emission gases by 44% [2].A setup for scrubbing emission gases at a rate of 25 m3/sec with a carbomide solution in a flow-through absorber with an attachment consisting of 70 layers of a wire gauze is described. The scrubbing efficiency is.greater than 90% [3].The carbomide method of scrubbing has been checked in an experimental-industrial apparatus at the Zmievskaya GRI~S power plant. A 98 % efficiency in removing nitrogen oxides was achieved [4].The technology for trapping nitrogen oxides by water solutions of carbomide was checked in a shop for vitrification of high-level wastes at the Industrial Association "Mayak." A 2 m in diameter and 5-m-high operating absorption column with 11 cooled plates was used.In the operating regime, 0.028-0.042 m3/sec of gas at a temperature of 293-313 K flow into the column. At the same time, air flows into the column directly at a rate of 0.014 + 0.01 m3/sec with a fluid spray rate of 0.022-0.028 dm3/sec.Carbomide solutions with concentrations of 10, 20.7, and 32.1 kg/m 3 were used in the tests. The nitrogen dioxide content, determined by absorption in water in a Seger pipette and by alkalimetric titration of the acid formed, was analyzed in the emission gases. The relative error of analysis equals +20% and the volume fraction is determined with a sensitivity of 0.02%.The average efficiency of trapping of nitrogen oxide and the dependence of the trapping efficiency on the carbomide concentration are presented in Table 1. According to the table, the gas purification efficiency increases with the carbomide concentration. It can be concluded from a plot of the efficiency versus the specific flow rate of carbomide (see Fig. 1) that an efficiency exceeding 95 % is unlikely to be achieved. The concentration of nitric acid leaving the absorption column was equal to, on the average, 150 kg/m 3.Comparing with the data in [5] shows that the degree of absorption of N203 and N203 + NO 2 in a laboratory column by water solutions of (NH4)2CO 3 also reaches a plateau at a carbonate concentration of 50 kg/m 3 in the solution.In summary, the efficiency of trapping nitrogen oxides can be increased by using a water solution of carbomide in a plate absorption column, but additional measures are required in order to lower to safe levels the content of nitrogen oxides in the gases leaving the column.
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