In this review, the opinions of different authors on the problem of non-full thickness macular holes are discussed in detail. Currently, there are three different approaches to the management of this condition. Dynamic observation allows assessing the degree of their progression, to determine some or other anatomical indicators which influence the functional state of the retina and visual function. Pharmacological vitreolysis in some cases allows eliminating vertical and tangential traction in a least invasive mannor. To resolve this problem in a radical way is possible by surgical treatment posterior vitrectomy, but this is also related to certain surgical risks, and does not always lead to an increase in visual acuity. As a rule, it is recommended to patients with a significant decrease in visual acuity. Currently, indications for surgical treatment of patients with high visual function are ambiguous.
This review presents the development of modern ideas about the pathogenesis of lamellar macular holes, anatomical changes, as well as the formation of a modern classification based on the expansion of diagnostic capabilities, and differences from other similar conditions of the vitreomacular interface. An evolutionary breakthrough in the investigation of this disease was associated with the widespread introduction of optical coherence tomography, while the development of its resolution allowed us to detect some features of epiretinal proliferation that occurs in lamellar macular holes, which are also addressed in the review.
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