The objective: to analyze results of TBNA for diagnosis of mediastinal lymphadenopathy performed with flexible and rigid tracheobronchoscopy with needles of different diameters.Subjects and Methods. We analyzed data of 194 patients who underwent TBNA with fibrobronchoscopy (Group 1) or rigid bronchoscopy (Group 2) for mediastinal lymphadenopathy of uncertain etiology.Results. The overall diagnostic efficacy of the biopsy was 90,7%, while in case of tumors, the sensitivity was 89,5% and specificity was 97,5%, in case of respiratory sarcoidosis, they were 92,5% and 85,9%, respectively. Better diagnostic efficacy rates were observed in Group 1 (flexible bronchoscopy with 19G puncture needles) versus Group 2 (rigid bronchoscopy with 16G puncture needles) which may be due to the small number of biopsies in Group 2.
The objective: to assess the prevalence and structure of congenital malformations and anomalies of the chest organs and systems among adult population of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Subjects. 1,729 patients with suspected respiratory tuberculosis examined from 2016 to 2021 inclusive in Differential Diagnostic Department of TB Dispensary by the Ministry of Health of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic.Results. In 89 (5.1%) patients, congenital anomalies and malformations of the chest organs and systems were detected, 42/89 (47.2%) had one more concurrent respiratory pathology; oncological diseases (42.9%) and respiratory tuberculosis (23.8%) prevailed. In patients with malformations of the musculoskeletal system of the chest organs, tuberculosis was more often detected, oncological diseases were equally frequent in patients with malformations of the musculoskeletal system and mediastinum.
The objective of the study: to determine the place and effectiveness of video-assisted thoracoscopic lung resection (VATS resections) in the differential diagnostic procedure for examination of patients with chest diseases.Subjects and methods. In 2017-2019, 1,190 patients with suspected respiratory tuberculosis were examined in the differential diagnostic department of TB Dispensary, the Ministry of Health of the Kabardino-Balkarian Republic; 106 (8.9%) needed VATS since it was impossible to verify their diagnosis despite various biopsies. The age of 106 patients varied from 18 to 80 years old, there were 66 men (62.0%), and 40 women (38.0%). The preoperative diagnosis was as follows: single or multiple lung lesions – 83 (76.9%) cases, disseminated lung disease of unknown etiology or interstitial lung disease of unspecified etiology – 25 (23.1%) cases.In all cases, the surgical specimens were sent for comprehensive tests, including histological tests, microbiological tests (fluorescent microscopy with Ziehl-Nielsen staining, culture for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) by Bactec, and culture for secondary flora and fungi), and molecular genetic tests to detect MTB DNA.Results. The diagnostic efficiency when using VATS resections, histological and microbiological testing of surgical specimens made 98.1% (95% CI 93.38-99.48; Wilson's method). Among the diagnosed diseases, pulmonary tuberculosis was confirmed in 47/106 (44.3%) patients, cancer – 37/106 (34.9%), the rest of patients were diagnosed with some other disorders including orphan diseases.
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