Acute intestinal infections are widespread and hold the second place among infectious diseases, giving way solely to respiratory diseases. In this regard, much attention has been paid to examining acute intestinal infections, including immunopathogenetic mechanisms. And since proinflammatory and antiinflammatory cytokines play an important role in development of inflammatory reactions affecting disease severity and outcome, it becomes reasonable to study polymorphism of genes governing production of related molecules. Thus, the aim of our study was to examine the polymorphism in the IL-1β Т31С and IL-2 T330G genes; such mutations were characterized by nucleotide replacement affecting the gene promoters, which influenced production rate and level of the relevant cytokines. There were enrolled 108 patients with acute intestinal infections comprising main group as well as 94 apparently healthy subjects in the control group. Genomic DNA was isolated from the whole blood leukocytes by using a DNA-express-blood reagent, followed by conducting amplification reaction with two pairs of allele-specific primers. The polymorphism in the IL-1β, IL-2 genes was determined by PCR with primers purchased from Litech LLC (St. Petersburg). Data processing was carried out by using the statistical Statistica 6 suite software. While assessing the carriage rate of IL-1β T31C gene polymorphic markers by using the multiplicative inheritance model in both groups, the prevalence of the normal T allele and, respectively of the —31TT and —31TC genotypes with OR = 1.83 and an interval of 1.04—3.22 (χ2 = 6.35, p = 0.04, df = 2) was found, which allowed us to identify a relationship between the carriage of IL-1β в gene heterozygous variant and potentially elevated risk of AII. Regarding the IL-2 T330G gene, it was found that pathological G alleles was more markedly abundant in patients with acute intestinal infections compared to control group. Analyzing diverse IL-2 T330G carriage rate in patients with acute intestinal infections revealed that carriers of the TG heterozygous variant predominated — 56.48% (χ2 = 17.75, F = 0.000031), whereas pathological genotype GG was found in 13.89% (χ2 = 12.31, F = 0.000663, p < 0.05), with high probability of the relationship between carriage of these genotypes and a risk of disease development (OR — 3.63 [1.97—6.68] and OR — 6.91 [2.12—22.59]). Hence, the carriage of polymorphic variants of the IL-1β T31C and IL-2 T330G genes was associated with elevated risk of developing AII in case of infection with pathogenic microorganisms.
Aim. To determine the level of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP) in acute intestinal infection, depending on the etiology and severity of the disease, and the effect of interleukin (IL)-1 and IL-10 levels on the expression of LBP. Methods. Serum samples of 62 patients were assayed by solid phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a set of reagents ELISA (USA) and Vector-best (Novosibirsk) for levels of LBР, IL-1, IL-10. The first group included 33 patients with bacterial intestinal infection, the second group consisted of 29 patients with viral diarrhea, and the control group comprised 20 conditionally healthy patients. Analyses were performed using Microsoft Excel 2010 and Statistica version 6.0 software. Statistical differences were determined by using the MannWhitney U Test, the p-value 0.05 were regarded as statistically significant. Spearmans correlation coefficient was used to examine relationships. ShapiroWilk W test was used to check for normal distribution of the features. Results. We detected the presence of LBP in all the studied groups, with the content of LBP was significantly increased in the group of bacterial intestinal infections compared with other groups. With regard to disease severity, LBP level was the highest for mild acute intestinal infections caused by bacteria, and for viral diarrhea, fluctuations in LBP did not exceed the norm. In intestinal infections caused by bacteria, the levels of LBP were directly related to the levels of IL-1 and IL-10. Conclusion. Detection of LBP concentration can be used for the initial differential diagnosis of intestinal infections caused by bacteria, which would significantly narrow the diagnostic search and determine the tactics of etiotropic therapy; also, considering the relationship between the concentration of LBP and disease severity, this indicator can be used as a predictive sign of the course of the disease.
Заболеваемость кишечными инфекциями имеет различную динамику во времени и пространстве. Во всех регионах мира регистрируют как подъемы, так и спады заболеваемости среди всех возрастных групп населения. В мире каждый год регистрируют около 2,5 млрд случаев острых кишечных инфекций. В России на протяжении последнего десятилетия наблюдается устойчивый уровень заболеваемости острыми кишечными инфекциями со среднемноголетним показателем 555,42 на 100 тыс. населения. Рассмотрены клинические особенности сальмонеллеза, шигеллеза и кампилобактериоза у людей старше 60 лет. У пациентов этой возрастной группы чаще формируются патологические изменения со стороны желудочно-кишечного тракта.Финансирование. Исследование не имело спонсорской поддержки. Конфликт интересов. Авторы заявляют об отсутствии конфликта интересов.
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