One of the tenets of land legislation is “the priority of land protection as an essential component of the environment and means of production.” However, due to ignoring the law, the area of disturbed lands is increasing annually. Conducting restoration work on such lands should be one of the priorities of the state’s internal policy, as well as a meaningful choice of citizens. At the present stage, there are a number of problems due to which recultivation measures rarely achieve optimal results. This paper presents information about the main factors affecting disturbed lands, analyzes the main problems that affect the effectiveness of remediation measures, and also offers suggestions for solving these problems.
The article presents the analysis of the chains of speech genres in A. P. Chekhov’s short story “Enemies”. It is argued that the speech genres which formalize the social relationships of the main characters of the story lead to an understanding of the concept of the work, as well as reveal the essence of the title of the story. It is noted that the verbal interaction of the main characters of the narrative is a system of interconnected speech genres. The article describes the speech genres that have developed in the context of the situation of verbal communication between a doctor and a patient, specifically the speech genre of a medical complaint forming the core of institutional discourse, as well as speech genres that go beyond the core area: speech genres of pleading, refusal, appeal, silence, unburdening the soul, payment for medical services. It is stated that integrating into the medical discourse, these speech genres form a functional unity with it. The author concludes that the speech genres of medical discourse reproduce the process of professional speech interaction and qualify both individual and socially conditioned qualities of the originator character and the recipient character, as well as the situation of their conversation. Invective speech genres of accusations and insults inherent in ordinary (non-institutional) discourse are characterized as conflicting speech genres indicating the status-role degradation of institutional relations. Special attention is paid to the speech genres of pleading and the speech genre of the unburdening the soul, the peculiarities of their functioning and language aspects in connection with the general cultural values and traditions of Russian spiritual culture. The article also specifies the role of the author’s remarks in the description of communicative situations.
Типологическая классификация речевых жанров институционального дискурса The Classification of Speech Genres of Institutional Discourse Статья посвящена проблеме классификации речевых жанров институциональных дискурсов. Актуальность исследования обусловлена отсутствием единой типологизации жанров. Отмечается, что классификация речевых жанров, основанием для которой послужила концепция институциональности, включает четыре группы: аутентичные, комплементарные, периферийные и экстернальные. В пропорциональном соотношении набор аутентичных жанров уступает многообразию комплементарных и периферийных. Такая классификация может претендовать на универсальность и быть применима к любой из разновидностей институционального дискурса (юридического, военного, педагогического, политического и др.). The article is devoted to classification problem of speech genres. The research urgency is caused by the lack of a common typology of speech genres. It is noted that the classification of speech genres, the basis for which was the concept of institutionality, includes four groups namely: authentic, complementary, peripheral and external. In the proportional ratio range of authentic genres does not exceed variety of complementary and peripheral genres. Such a classification can claim universal character and is applicable to any of the varieties of institutional discourse (juristic, military, pedagogical, political etc.).
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