Apoptosis in the cartilage and synovial membrane of the knee joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis was studied using the immunocytochemical TUNEL method. The degree of apoptosis correlated with the duration of inflammation. The process predominated in the chondroblast population, lymphocytic infiltration, and synovial membrane fibroblasts.
The location and activities of nitric oxide synthases in synovial cells during different stages of inflammatory process were studied by the immunocytochemical method in animals with experimental rheumatoid arthritis. Direct involvement of the NOergic mechanisms in the development of adjuvant arthritis was demonstarted.
Time course of nitroxide synthase activity in the knee joint cartilage was studied in animals with experimental anterior instability of the knee joint. A significant increase in nitroxide synthase activity in chondrocytes was paralleled by a progressive decrease in glycosaminoglycan content in the cartilaginous matrix and subsequent destruction of the cartilage cytoarchitectonics.
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