Morphological analysis of the subcutaneous fat was performed in rats after subcutaneous implantation of basic dental plastic materials with different hydrophobic and hydrophilic properties. It was shown that subcutaneous implantation of dental plastics with mostly hydrophobic surface and low biocompatibility induced destructive and inflammatory processes of various intensities, sometimes with allergic component; morphological signs of processes persisted for 6 weeks. Modification of basic plastics using glow-discharge plasma and enhancement of their hydrophilicity and biocompatibility significantly reduced the intensity of destructive and inflammatory processes and ensured more rapid (in 2 weeks) repair of the destroyed tissues with the formation of fibrous capsule around the implant.
Стоматология П ожилой и старческий возраст определяет сложность ортопедического стоматологического лечения пациентов при полном отсутствии зубов, в том числе в связи со снижением адаптационной возможности организма [1, 2]. По данным Воз, 20-26 % больных при полном отсутствии зубов не используют изготовленные протезы по анатомо-физиологическим [3, 4], клинико-технологическим [5, 6], психологическим, токсико-аллергическим и прочим причинам. Процесс адаптации связан с деятельностью коры головного мозга, и так как зубной протез является активным раздражителем, адаптивный механизм выражается в постепенном восстановлении моторных актов в дигестивном аппарате. Процессы раздражения коры головного мозга после наложения съемных про-тезов сменяются частичным торможением, и адаптация наступает после полного торможения [7, 8]. Одним из мануальных объективных методов определения адаптации является уровень оральной стереогнозии пациента [9]. Стереогнозия является сложной функцией, зависящей не только от деятельности периферических и центральных чувствительных систем, но и от синтетической деятельности коры головного мозга [9, 10]. Впервые корреляцию между способностью определять форму предмета и адаптивной способностью описал в своей методике X. Ландт [11, 12]. Основой этой методики является способность человека определять языком геометрическую форму небольшого предмета. У пожилых людей способность узнавать предметы при помощи тактильного чувства языка притупляется, в то же время
Introduction. After the application of a removable prosthesis, adaptation is one of the most difficult periods for the patient. This period is especially pronounced in the absence of experience in using a removable prosthesis or in the presence of general somatic pathology in parallel. Acquired defects of the maxillofacial area require restoration of anatomical areas of significant volume, and the problem of adaptation to replacement constructions has become significant. The adaptive ability of the patient and oral stereognosy are closely related. Tongue muscles stimulate brain activity to improve the adaptability to removable structures. In this study, a set of special adaptive exercises was developed to increase the synthetic activity of the cerebral cortex and improve adaptability to removable prostheses. Materials and methods. The study involved patients aged 4475 years. All patients were divided into three groups: clinical control (30 people), group with acquired defects of the dentition of the maxilla (25 people), and group with acquired defects of the upper jaw after surgery (25 people). Patients in the clinical comparison group were scheduled for surgical treatment of the teeth and the imposition of immediate prostheses immediately after surgery. Immediate prostheses were made prior to surgery using a standard technique. Results. Patients of the main group with neoplasms of the maxillofacial region were planned to resect the maxilla and apply a resection prosthesis directly on the operating table. Manufacturing of resection shaping prostheses was carried out following the standard procedure. All patients underwent stereognostic testing, and the degree of the patients adaptive ability was determined. Depending on the assigned adaptive support, each group was divided into subgroups. Patients in the first subgroup were prescribed modernized functional training, and patients in the second subgroup received the main treatment without prescribing exercises. Conclusion. On the basis of the results of examination, treatment, and dynamic observation of groups of patients with acquired defects in the dentition, the adaptation support reduced the time of adaptation to new removable dentures. The results were confirmed by objective research through the stereognostic testing and subjective feelings of patients.
The purpose to determine the level of expression in the oral fluid of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) of types 2, 8 and 9, as well as their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) of types 1 and 2, depending on the presence or absence of a number of components of the dental status.Material and methods. The results of a study of the level of expression of oral fluid biomarkers of 19 patients with different levels of dental health who do not have a history of history are presented. Previously, a dental examination of patients was carried out and the occurrence of signs of dental status was determined.Results and discussion. Analysis of expression levels of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors showed significant differences in performance.Conclusions. The data obtained suggest a significant impact of the state of dental health mainly on the level of MMP-2 and MMP-9, the indicators of which differ 2 times from the same in the opposite sex, with other conditions being almost the same (age, general health).
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