В статье изучено влияние табакокурения на состояние проницаемости альвеолярно-капиллярной мембраны у практически здоровых курящих лиц молодого возраста. Полученные результаты сопоставлены с аналогичными данными у пациентов с пневмонией. Материал и методы: исследована проницаемость альвеолярно-капиллярной мембраны у 25 курящих, 20 некурящих здоровых лиц и у 40 пациентов с пневмонией при проведении вентиляционной пульмоносцинтиграфии на гамма-камере «Омега-500» (Technicare, США-Германия) с определением вентиляционно-перфузионного соотношения и альвеолярно-капиллярной проницаемости. Результаты: при нормальных значениях вентиляционно-перфузионного соотношения установлено повышение альвеолярно-капиллярной проницаемости у курящих молодых людей по сравнению с некурящими лицами на 10-й и 30-й мин после ингаляции радиофармпрепарата. При этом степень повышения проницаемости альвеолярно-капиллярной мембраны у курящих лиц была сопоставима с уровнем ее повышения при остром воспалительном процессе, развивающемся при пневмонии, что свидетельствует о поражении структур альвеолярно-капиллярных мембран легких у курящих. Обнаруженные изменения, по-видимому, можно рассматривать в качестве предиктора предрасположенности курящих лиц к бронхолегочной патологии. Обращает на себя внимание, что указанные изменения наблюдаются у лиц молодого возраста уже при сравнительно небольшом стаже курения. Ключевые слова: табакокурение, пневмония, проницаемость альвеолярно-капиллярной мембраны, вентиляционная пульмоносцинтиграфия. The article studies the effect of smoking on the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane in practically healthy young people. The results are compared with similar data in patients with pneumonia.Material and methods: the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane was studied in 25 smokers, 20 non-smoking healthy individuals, and in 40 patients with pneumonia, while ventilating pulmonary scintigraphy was performed on a gamma camera of the Omega-500 (Technicare USA-Germany) with the determination of the ventilation-perfusion ratio and alveolar-capillary permeability. Results: at normal values of the ventilationperfusion ratio, an increase in alveolar-capillary permeability was detected in young people smokers compared to non-smokers on the 10th and 30th minutes after the inhalation of the radiopharmaceutical. At the same time, the degree of increase in the permeability of the alveolar-capillary membrane in smoking persons was comparable with the level of its increase in acute inflammatory process developing in pneumonia, which indicates the damage to the structures of the alveolar-capillary membranes of the lungs in smokers. The observed changes, apparently, can be considered as a predictor of predisposition of smoking persons to bronchopulmonary pathology. It is noteworthy that these changes are observed in young people already with a relatively small smoking experience. THE CONDITION OF PERMEABILITY OF THE ALVEOLAR-CAPILLARY
This article presents the results of studies on the daily history of the Soviet period of our state during the difficult times of World War II. The work considers the southern region of the USSR, the territory of the Krasnodar Territory (the city of Krasnodar and the village of Pavlovskaya.) Some local families left the Kuban at the beginning of the war and left, for example, to evacuate. Others were forced to stay, during the occupation of the region and its capital by the Nazi troops in 1942-1943 they were in the Kuban, in Krasnodar. This article is based on both previously unpublished memoirs of city residents collected by the authors (memoirs by Razinskaya S.A., Zhigir E.G., Morozova E.V., Yesayan M.A.) and published as personal memoirs and diaries (Khudoley I.I., Chalenko K.N.). For the first time, on the occasion of the 75th anniversary of the Victory of our country in World War II, an attempt was made to put into scientific circulation these materials, telling about the pre-occupation period of the Territory and the city of Krasnodar, as well as directly the time of the occupation of the southern region by fascist invaders. It is concluded that the stories of ordinary people – eyewitnesses to important historical events, the so-called narrative sources (oral and recorded memoirs, letters, diaries and school essays) provide historians with invaluable material to restore the picture of everyday life of the military historical era.There is no conflict of interests.
The aim of this work was to study changes in mechanical lung properties in cases of COPD in general and in different zones depending on the body position.Materials and methods. The research was performed in 37 patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the vertical and horizontal positions (VP and HP).Results. The analysis of integral respiration mechanics has revealed a reduction in dynamic lung compliance and an increase in total non-elastic lung resistance during expiration (TNRexp) in HP vs. VP. At the same time, despite the increase in TNRexp in HP, the total work of breathing did not increase. Unlike healthy individuals, the COPD patients were characterized by the absence of differences in regional mechanical properties in both VP and HP. There were no differences in the respiration mechanics of the left lung, and the zones of the right lung only differed in the parameters of regional non-elastic work of breathing (NWBr ) that was increasing from top downwards: the indicators of NWBr during expiration and NWBr in the lower zone were higher as opposed to those of the upper zone in VP. As for HP, NWBr during inspiration, NWBr during expiration and NWBr were higher.Conclusion. The data obtained contradict the prevailing opinion about an escalation in regional differences in ventilation and respiration mechanics under the influence of emerging focal and diffuse inflammatorysclerotic pathological changes in lungs and emphysema.
The review summarizes and analyzes the results of domestic and major foreign studies of recent years concerning gender characteristics of the epidemiology and development mechanisms of metabolic syndrome and urolithiasis as an associated disease. A deep understanding of gender aspects in the pathogenesis of these pathologies can form the basis for development of high-quality diagnostic algorithms and pathogenetically grounded approaches to treatment.
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