Activity of β-galactosidase at pH 6 is a classic maker of senescence in cellular biology. Cellular senescence, a state of highly stable cell cycle arrest, is often compared to apoptosis as an intrinsic tumor suppression mechanism. It is also thought that SA-β-gal is crucial in malignant cell transformation. High levels of senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) can be found in cancer and benign lesions of various localizations making the enzyme a highly promising diagnostic marker for visualization of tumor margins and metastases. These findings facilitate the research of therapy induced senescence as a promising therapeutic strategy. In this review, we address the need to collect and analyze the bulk of clinical and biological data on SA-β-gal mechanisms of action to support wider implementation of this enzyme in medical diagnostics. The review will be of interest to pathologists, biologists, and biotechnologists investigating cellular senescence for purposes of regenerative medicine and oncology.
Lymphangiogenesis plays an important role in development of renal parenchyma inflammation during kidney injury. Vascular endothelial growth factor type C (VEGF-C), cytokine that regulates lymphangiogenesis, is a potential early biomarker for acute kidney injury. Aim. To study the concentration of VEGF-C in renal homogenate and blood serum of newborn rats with experimental intraabdominal hypertension (IAH) of varying severity and duration, to establish a relationship with morphological changes in the renal tissue. Materials and methods. The experiment was conducted on 50 newborn Wistar rats. Rats were divided into 5 groups of 10 rats each: groups 1 and 2 with mild IAH lasting 5 and 10 days, respectively, and groups 3 and 4 with severe IAH lasting 5 and 10 days, respectively, and the control group. IAH was modelled by injecting sterile vaseline into the abdominal cavity to a predetermined level of IAH under the control of intra-vesical manometry. VEGF-C content was measured by ELISA. Morphological examination of the biopsy material and its photography were carried out using a Leica DM2000 microscope. The Mann—Whitney, Kruskal—Wallis, Wilcoxon tests, as well as one-way ANOVA, were used for statistical analysis. Results. The level of VEGF-C in the renal homogenate was increased in all groups (pc < 0.001); the degree of VEGF-C increase depended on the severity of IAH (p < 0.05) but not on the duration of IAH exposure. The VEGF-C blood serum level was increased only in group 3 (pc = 0.011). Morphological analysis showed hydropic dystrophy: changes in the height of the tubular epithelium, an increase in interstitial edema, expansion of the urinary spaces of glomeruli. The degree of morphological changes depended on the severity and duration of IAH. Conclusion. Changes in VEGF-C level assessed in the renal homogenate correlated with morphological changes in renal tissue of rats with different severity and duration of IAH.
На современном этапе исследований не подверга-ется сомнению тот факт, что микробиота кишечника человека не только играет значительную роль поддер-жании здоровья, но и вносит значительный вклад в развитие многих заболеваний. Нарушение качествен-ного и количественного соотношения микрофлоры кишечника (дисбиоз) возникает от разнообразных причин, развивается задолго до клинических про-явлений и служит предвестниками более глубоких отклонений на уровне целостного организма.В ряде исследований показано, что изменение пейзажа кишечной микробиоты оказывает влияние на течение таких заболеваний, как синдром раздра-жённого кишечника (СРК), неспецифический язвен-ный колит (болезнь Крона), сахарный диабет 1-го и 2-го типов, ожирение [4,12,13].
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