@Specific polysaccharide was obtained by mild acid degradation of Proteus penneri strain 16 lipopolysaccharide and found to contain D-glucose, D-glucuronic acid, 2-acetam~do-2-deoxy-~-glucose, and 3,6-dideoxy-3-[(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-~-galactose in the ratio of 2: 1 : 1 : 1 as well as a small proportion of 0-acetyl groups. On the basis of one-dimensional 'H-NMRI3C-NMR and NOE spectroscopy, two-dimensional homonuclear-shift-correlated spectroscopy with one-step and two-step relayed coherence transfer and heteronuclear 'H/' 3C NMR shift-correlated spectroscopy, it was concluded that the 0-specific polysaccharide of P. penneri strain 16 has the following structure:This structure was confirmed by methylation analysis and structural analysis of a linear tetrasaccharide fragment prepared by cleavage of the polysaccharide with anhydrous hydrogen fluoride followed by conversion of the a-tetrosyl fluoride obtained in to the corresponding free oligosaccharide and alditol. 0-Acetyl groups were tentatively located at position 3 of the glucuronic acid residue and at position 4 of the 6-substituted glucose residue, the degree of acetylation being less than 20% of the total.Cross-reactions of P. penneri strain 16 anti-(0-specific polysaccharide) antiserum with lipopolysaccharides from several other Proteus strains and the role of 3,6-dideoxy-3-(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido-~-galactose in the serological specificity of P. penneri strain 16 are discussed.Recently the name Proteus penneri has been proposed for strains formerly called Proteus vulgaris biogroup 1 [l, 21. The, genetic and metabolic differences of the novel Proteus species in comparison with other species of this genus could be reflected in the composition and structures of their lipopolysaccharides (LPS). The LPS from twenty strains of P. penneri were chemically analysed and their chemotypes discussed [3]. An unusual amino sugar has been found in P. penneri strain 16 LPS and identified as 3,6-dideoxy-3-(R)-3-hydroxybutyramido-D-galactose 1 [4]. In this paper we describe the structural elucidation of the 0-specific polysaccharide chain of this LPS together with some serological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS Miscellaneous

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Flowers of tansy (Tanacetum vulgare L.) are used in various medicinal forms as antihelminthic and cholegogic agents [1][2][3][4][5]. The pharmacological properties of tansy flower preparations are due mainly to the essential oil (thujone and other terpenoids) and flavonoids. According to various literature sources [3][4][5], apigenin, acacetin, luteolin, cinaroside, eupatilin, jaceidin, and jaceoside are the main flavonoids in tansy flowers. However, reports in the domestic and foreign literature are somewhat contradictory.The goal of the present work was to study the flavonoid composition of tansy flowers growing in Samara Oblast (Russia).We studied tansy flowers collected near Nizhnee Sancheleevo village, Samara Oblast (July, 2008). Flowers (150 g) were extracted exhaustively with EtOH (70%) by combining maceration (24 h) with subsequent thermal extraction at 85-90°C. The aqueous alcohol extracts were evaporated in vacuo to a thick residue (~50 mL). The condensed extract was dried over L 40/100 silica gel. The resulting powder (extract + silica gel) was placed on a layer of silica gel that was formed in CHCl 3 and eluted by CHCl 3 and CHCl 3 :EtOH in various ratios (97:3, 95:5, 93:7, 90:10, 88:12, 85:15, 80:20, 70:30). The separation of the compounds was monitored by TLC on Silufol UV 254 and Sorbfil PTSKh-AF-A-UV plates using CHCl 3 :EtOH (4:1) and CHCl 3 :MeOH:H 2 O (26:14:3).Fractions containing the dominant compound 1 were combined. The precipitate that formed in these was separated and recrystallized from EtOH to afford 1 in 0.2% yield of the air-dried raw material mass. Fractions containing compounds 2-4 (each separately) were transferred to a chromatographic column (sorbent height 4.0 cm; diameter, 5 cm). The respective chromatographic column was eluted by H 2 O and aqueous EtOH (20%, 40, 70, and 96). Purification over polyamide columns afforded 2 (96% EtOH eluent), 3 (40% EtOH eluent), and 4 (70% EtOH eluent). The compounds were purified additionally by recrystallization from aqueous EtOH.The chemical structures of flavonoids 1-4 were elucidated using PMR and UV spectroscopy and mass spectrometry in addition to chemical transformations. Flavonoids 1 and 3 were cleaved by acid hydrolysis (10% HCl, 100°C, 2 h) and E-glucosidase (Fluka, Hungary) into glucose and the aglycons, which were identified by TLC as acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4c-methoxyflavone) (2) and apigenin (5,7,4c-trihydroxyflavone) (4), respectively. Flavonoids 2 and 4 were also isolated from tansy raw material in the free state. The PMR spectrum of 1 showed two 2H doublets at 8.07 and 7.14 ppm with SSCC (J) 9 Hz that were assigned to H-2c,6c and H-3c,5c, respectively; two 1H doublets at 6.84 and 6.45 ppm with J = 2.5 Hz that were characteristic of ring A protons (H-8 and H-6), and a singlet for H-3 at 6.95 (flavone compound). A 3H singlet at 3.87 for the C-4c OCH 3 group and a singlet for the 5-OH of the flavonoid were observed in the PMR spectrum. The carbohydrate was placed on the 7-OH group on the basis of these results and those from enzyma...

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