The nature and frequency of the main clinical symptoms of spondilosis and spondylolysis spondylolisthesis LV vertebra in 8 children of preschool and primary school were studied. It is shown that in this age children haven’t symptoms of spondilosis and spondylolisthesis. It is established that in 83.3% of cases spondylolisthesis in children is on the background of bilateral spondylosis interarticular part arc LV vertebra. The pathology is the first degree of severity. In all clinical cases the spondylolisthesis in the children was formed on the basis of spina bifida posterior LV and SI vertebra. The main symptoms of spondylolisis and spondylolisthesis LV vertebra children were: pain on palpation of the spine – 100,0% of the cases; multidirectional functional blocks in the inter-vertebral and edge-transverse joints – 100,0 %; asymmetry paired soft tissue and bone formation front and back surfaces of the body – 85,7% lag of the lower corners of the blades from the rear surface of the chest – 85,7%; postural muscle imbalance front and back surfaces of the trunk – 71,4%; voltage extensor muscles of the lumbar spine – 71,4%; of the restriction of the spine in the direction active flexion – 57,1%; recurvation in the elbow and knee joints – 57,1%; plano-valgus foot – 57%; smoothness lumbar lordosis-42,8%; installation torticollis – 42,8%; asymmetric location right part of the chest tilted forward hull – 28,6%; shortening of the left lower limb – 28,6 of clinical observations.
Во второй части статьи, открывающей серию публикаций о способах суицидов, с привлечением научных, историко-художественных данных, сообщений СМИ и врачебного опыта показаны типология и условия суицидальных прыжков с высоты, клинико-социальные характеристики суицидентов, факторы риска, в свете разработки общих и целевых профилактических мероприятий как элемента типовой многоуровневой антикризисной программы.
Transitional lumbosacral vertebrae in the form of SI lumbarization and LV sacralization are classified as spinal anomalies. In the domestic medical literature, there are few publications devoted to these pathological conditions. In the course of a study of the available literature on the problem of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae, it was found that the frequency of cases of transitional lumbosacral vertebrae diagnosis ranges from 4 to 30% of clinical cases. The share of patients with lumbar vertebrae accounts for an average of 40% of cases, the share of patients with sacralization of the vertebrae is 60% of clinical observations. Mutations in the Hox gene are considered to be the trigger for the development of pathology, and pain is usually the leading clinical symptom. Plain radiography, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are used to diagnose the pathology. Radiation imaging of the entire spine is required to eliminate errors in vertebrae counting. The type of pathology is determined using various classifications. As conservative therapeutic agents, drug blockades applying anesthetics and hormonal drugs are used. The arsenal of surgical interventions includes resection of the enlarged transverse process of the supracacral vertebra, decompression of stenotic intervertebral foramina, impulsive radiofrequency ablation, and posterior fusion. Measures for the prevention of pathology are not currently developed.
В обзоре обобщены данные о суицидальных действиях с использованием моноксида углерода (угарный газ, СО) в России и зарубежом. Показано, что основными источниками СО в разные временные периоды были: в Европе и Америке – бытовой газ (60-70-е годы ХХ века), выхлопные газы автомобилей (70-90-е годы); с конца 90-х гг. – резкий рост частоты использования углей для барбекю (преимущественно в странах Юго-Восточной Азии). Отравление СО характеризуются высокой смертностью. Среди погибших преобладают мужчины. Суицидальные действия чаще продуманы и спланированы, совершаются преимущественно на фоне эмоциональных нарушений. Увеличению частоты этого вида самоубийств способствует доступность информации в интернете и СМИ. Меры превенции помимо общих чаще связаны с ограничением доступа к СО и контролем интернет-пространства. В России этот способ самоубийства не распространён, и обычно носит характер «гаражной смерти». Меры профилактики проработаны мало и требуют совершенствования.
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