В настоящее время повышенные концентрации трития в окружающей среде, связанные с производством, обращением и утилизацией радиоактивной формы водо-рода на ядерных объектах, вызывают большую озабоченность общественности, так как не существует эффективных способов для улавливания радионуклида. Тритий со сбросами и выбросами предприятий ядерного топливного цикла (ЯТЦ) поступает в водные и наземные экосисте-
One of the plots of the portable art forms of Eastern Europe is abstract, geometric, symbolic images that cannot be deciphered directly. Most of the currently known such geometric images from the archaeological sites of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic of Eastern Europe were applied to finished bone products — tools, weapons, household and non-utilitarian items, as well as bones of various animals without traces of processing using various cutting techniques. The bone is well preserved in the cultural layers of the sites of the late Pleistocene — early Holocene of the Russian Plain, which makes objects from this material an important source for the study of geometric images. However, despite the richness of the source base, the problem of classification and systematization of geometric images in the art of small forms remains poorly developed. The purpose of the article is to consider the issues of practical application of three-dimensional 3D modeling in the study of art objects of small forms of the Upper Paleolithic and Mesolithic. The authors describe the practice of photographing such objects and the peculiarities of the lighting schemes and camera positioning, developed taking into account the specifics of the geometry and material of the documented objects. The minimal technical requirements for the resolution of the models have been determined, which provide the possibility of using visualization algorithms to study fine engravings on bone and stone. The practical application of mathematical visualization algorithms both directly on polygonal models and on height maps built on their basis is described. A method for visualizing and systematizing research results and providing remote access to them using modern web technologies is proposed.
The article reports on a new interpretation of the inscriptions on two personalized knives found on the coast of Sims Bay in the Laptev Sea. This interpretation differs from the readings published previously by paleographers and source-study experts due to the fact that it has been possible to devise correct transcription of these inscrip-tions with the aid of the method of non-contact 3D modeling of epigraphic records developed by the RSSDA Laboratory and used in the Code of Russian Inscriptions (CIR). The reading of the inscriptions on the signature knives proposed by the authors of this paper has enabled establishing their ownership to Gurii (baptismal name) — Akakii (prayer? name) Ivanov son of Karzyaev’s, likely the head of the commercial and industrial expedition of the 1620s. The site of the polar mariners of the 17th century in Sims Bay is located 70 km west of the island of Thad-deus Severny, where in 1940 members of the hydrographic detachment of the East Taimyr hydrographic expedi-tion found similar articles, including 8 other knives. Unfortunately, these knives have only partially preserved han-dles, and most of them turned out to be represented only by the blades. Inscriptions made in the Slavic ligature could be found only on two knives from a hut in Sims Bay. According to the official version, both sites belong to the members of the Russian trade and industrial expedition of the 17th century. The rich composition of the collec-tion of archaeological artifacts assembled at the locations of these two sites makes this monument unique for the Russian culture of the 17th century.
Статья представляет результаты разработки методики цифрового документирования амфорных клейм на основе фотограмметрического способа трехмерного моделирования. В рамках исследования были определены технические требования к результатам моделирования, набор оборудования и приспособлений, выполнено документирование 328 амфорных клейм и сформированы трехмерные полигональные модели с детальностью (размером полигона) 0,005 мм. Полученные результаты показали принципиальную возможность применения рассматриваемой методики, позволяющей в сжатые сроки создавать обширные массивы цифровых образов клейм, пригодных для дальнейшего анализа и публикации. The paper describes the methodology for digital documentation of amphora stamps developed on the basis of photogrammetric 3D modelling. The results of the study include technical requirements to modelling results, a set of equipment and devices, documentation of 328 amphora stamps and 3D polygonal models, with the size of each polygon being 0,005 mm. The results obtained show that, in principle, it is possible to use this methodology that enables the researchers to create large datasets of digital stamp images which can then be analyzed and published in a short time.
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