Recent results of the searches for Supersymmetry in final states with one or two leptons at CMS are presented. Many Supersymmetry scenarios, including the Constrained Minimal Supersymmetric extension of the Standard Model (CMSSM), predict a substantial amount of events containing leptons, while the largest fraction of Standard Model background events -which are QCD interactions -gets strongly reduced by requiring isolated leptons. The analyzed data was taken in 2011 and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately L = 1 fb −1 . The center-of-mass energy of the pp collisions was √ s = 7 TeV.
Mineral resources as natural capital can be transformed into human, social and physical capital, that guarantees the sustainable development of a country, exclusively through professional public management. Public management of a country's mineral resource potential is seen as an element of transnational governance. Regulation involves the use of laws, rules and regulations within the jurisdictional and sectoral capabilities of the state, minimizing its involvement as a producer. The features of the ideology of economic liberalism, which polarizes the societies of raw material producing countries by imposing austerity, as well as lowering trade barriers have been studied. The analysis of the influence of the radical new order of neoliberal world ideology on the development of the extractive sector and the strengthening of state regulation has been presented.
Polarization degrees were measured for 8 Mg lines excited by an electron beam with an energy up to 300eV. The crossed beam technique was used. The atomic beam density was below 1011cm-3, and the electron current density did not exceed A/cmZ. The analysis of the polarization degree due to transitions 3lP-n'D for n = 4 through 9 is given on the basis of the Born calculations. The features of cross sections are also compared with those of polarization in the series.
The paper deals with the wave model of an austenite to martensite transformation in steel, which is an analogue of a shockwave process like detonation where a wave of transformation of austenite to martensite steel propagates along a steel beam. In Kashchenko's monograph a wave model has been developed according to which, at least within individual austenite grains, this transformation takes place in the form of waves moving at a supersonic speed. In the present work, according to our estimates, the known criterium of detonation capacity is fulfilled in the process of austenite to martensite tranfromation. Under normal conditions, austenite density equals ρ a = 8000 kg / m 3 and martensite density ρ m = 7750 kg / m 3 , therefore the transformation of austenite to martensite at constant pressure P = 0.1 MPa and temperature T = 300 K results in an increase of the volume of steel. This releases a latent heat Q P,T = 82000 J / kg. Therefore, based on these data one can conclude that if this transformation is implemented in a large steel beam, it would take the form of detonation, that is, a motion at a supersonic velocity of a physical-chemical transformation wave, in this case in the form of a wave of phase transition from austenite to martensite. Parameters of such a process for different ratios between the masses of the austenite and martensite steel in the original beam are estimated. The results of theoretical calculations of the parameters of detonation waves in steel at different weight ratios between austenite and martensite steel in the original beam are presented.Keywords: detonation, shock adiabat, martensite, austenite. Мартенситное превращение как аналог детонационного процессаАлымов М.И., Трофимов В.С. † , Петров Е.В. † pnkv@list.ru ФГБУН Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения РАН, ул. Академика Осипьяна 8, 142432, Черноголовка, Россия В работе рассматривается волновая модель протекающего в стали превращения аустенита в мартенсит как аналог ударно-волнового процесса, подобного детонации, при котором волна превращения аустенита в мартенсит распро-страняется вдоль бруса стали. В монографии Кащенко М. П. развивается волновая модель, согласно которой, по край-ней мере, внутри отдельных зерен аустенита это превращение протекает в виде волн, движущихся со сверхзвуко-вой скоростью. В данной работе по нашим оценкам, при данном превращении аустенита в мартенсит выполняется известный критерий детонационной способности. При нормальных условиях плотность аустенита ρ a = 8000 кг / м 3 , плотность мартенсита ρ m = 7750 кг / м 3 , следовательно превращение аустенита в мартенсит при постоянных давлении P = 10 5 Па и температуре T = 300 K приводит к увеличению объема стали. При этом выделяется удельная теплота Q P,T = 82 × 10 3 Дж / кг. Следовательно, на основании этих данных легко приходим к выводу, что если бы данное превра-щение удалось реализовать в крупном брусе стали, то оно протекало бы в виде детонации, то есть в виде движения со сверхзвуковой скоростью волны физико-химического превращени...
Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение науки Институт структурной макрокинетики и проблем материаловедения им. А.Г. Мержанова Российской академии наук, Черноголовка, Россия *
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