Предмет. Стоматологическая заболеваемость является социально значимой проблемой на уровне отдельных регионов РФ и государства в целом. Наибольшую информативность для планирования медицинской помощи и разработки коммунально ориентированных программ профилактики имеют данные, полученные в ходе эпидемиологических обследований населения, они позволяют учесть большое количество критериев заболеваемости, оценить их взаимосвязь, сопоставить данные по регионам по единому стандарту ВОЗ. Цели. Изучение стоматологической заболеваемости детского населения Екатеринбурга в рамках третьего национального эпидемиологического стоматологического обследования, проведенного в 2015 году, в ключевых возрастных группах 6, 12, 15 лет. Методология. Проведено эпидемиологическое исследование стоматологической заболеваемости по критериям ВОЗ. Для регистрации стоматологического статуса населения использовалась модифицированная карта ВОЗ для детей (2013). Участие детей в проведенном эпидемиологическом обследовании было добровольным, родители заполняли информированное согласие на проведение стоматологического исследования. Полученные данные статистически обрабатывали при помощи программы Statistica 6.0.
Relevance: the aims of the study was to compare the effectiveness of the use of various systemic antibiotics in patients with aggressive generalized periodontitis. A comparative study of systemic antibiotic therapy using modern molecular biological methods is important in modern periodontology.Materials and methods: a prospective, randomized, controlled study of 112 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis before and after using systemic antibiotics with real-time PCR (GE/ml) of major periodontal pathogens. The median was chosen as a quantitative measure of central tendency. Upper and lower quartiles were used for interval estimation.Results: moxifloxacin is most effective against Porphyromonas gingivalis (median 102,1 GE/ml) and Tannerella forsythensis (median 103,7 GE/ml). Also effective and reliably suppressed Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola when lincomycin was used (medians 103,2, 102,7 GE/ml).Conclusion: the most effective systemic antibiotics are moxifloxacin and lincomycin, which significantly reduced the number of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythensis, and Treponema denticola in periodontal pockets.
The relevance of the problem of dental morbidity in children is obvious. In 2022, an epidemiological survey of the main dental diseases of the child population was conducted according to the WHO methodology in Ekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region in key groups of 3, 6, 12 and 15 years old. The epidemiological survey involved 756 children in six settlements of the region. The registration of the oral cavity condition was carried out using the "Maps for assessing the dental status of children" recommended by the World Health Organization (2013). Informed consent was obtained from parents and guardians to participate in the survey. Statistical processing of the results was carried out in the Statistica 10 program. In Yekaterinburg and the Sverdlovsk region, dental caries and inflammatory periodontal diseases remain the most common pathology in children. The prevalence of caries in 3, 6, 12, 15-year-olds was 34,2%, 80%, 20%, 86%, 96% accordingly , at an intensity of 2,3±0,5; 4,9±0,2; 4,59±0,3; 6,5±0,4. Signs of periodontal inflammation were detected among 12-year-olds in Yekaterinburg in 35.2% children, in the region - 38.1% of children. Among 15-year-olds, this indicator was 24.0% and 48.8%. These indicators increased with age. The prevalence of enamel hypoplasia in the main key group of 12-year-olds in Ekaterinburg was 8%, in the region – 12,9%. 90% of children need fissure sealing of permanent molars. In comparison with the previously conducted national epidemiological surveys of 2008 and 2015, there is an unfavorable dynamics and deterioration of the main indicators of dental morbidity. The epidemiological survey conducted in Ekaterinburg and the cities of the Sverdlovsk region is the justification for the development and implementation of a regional program for the prevention of dental diseases.
Subject. Individualized etiotropic prevention of caries in children using bacteriophages. The goal is to study the peculiarities of the carioprophylactic effect of bacteriophages that are part of the drug "Fagodent." Methodology. The study involved 30 somatically safe children of 7―12 years of age with equal gender distribution and a decompensated caries course. The intensity of caries was determined by the formula KPU+CP. Patients with confirmed cariogenic bacteria dysbiosis were selected according to the CRT-bacteria test (Ivoclar company) at CFU/ml≥105. The method involves the collection of stimulated saliva, inoculation and incubation in a thermostat at a temperature of 37 °C for 2 days, the analysis of the number of colonies on a standard scale. The Green―Vermillion Hygiene Index (OHI-S) was also taken into account with an average of 0.9, children with high rates were excluded from the study. Results. After the course administration of the drug, the colonization rate of the oral cavity with cariogenic microorganisms decreases, which is reflected in the decrease in the Green―Vermillion (OHI-S) hygiene indices from 0.9±0.14 to 0.5±0.1 (p<0.05) and the test CRT-bacteria (Ivoclar Vivadent) CFU / ml from ≥105 to ≤105 (p<0.05). Upon further observation, within 3 months after the course of phagotherapy, the levels of contamination of the oral cavity with cariogenic microorganisms and hygiene were reliably kept low. Hygienic indicators also changed after the administration of the drug “Fagodent”: the Green― Vermillion hygiene index significantly decreased from 0.9±0.14 to 0.5±0.1 after 2 weeks and to 0.7±0.1 after 3 months. Findings. Clinical studies have proven the effectiveness of the drug "Fagodent" based on bacteriophages in the complex treatment and prevention of dental caries. The proposed scheme for the individual use of the drug under the supervision of a doctor does not require special equipment, is simple to implement and shows high positive results, which allows us to recommend it for the prevention of caries in children.
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