The present paper is concerned with a research of sorption and bactericidal properties of the fine metal particles applied on the surface of active carbon fabric by chemical sedimentation method. The ascorbic acid and natrium borane were used in the study process as metals, copper and silver reducing agents. Influence of reducer and fine metal nature onto the porous structure, as well as bactericidal and sorption characteristics of obtained fibrous sorbent samples are shown. It is determined that use of ascorbic acid for synthesis of copper and silver fine particles on the active carbon fabrics surface leads to the considerable decrease in a specific surface and volumes of meso - and micropores of the obtained sorbent in comparison with initial active carbon fabric. When using the natrium borane as reducer of fine copper particles the decrease in a specific surface and volumes of sorption pores is also observed. However, when using the natrium borane, the active carbon fabric samples modified with silver particles or with their composition with fine copper particles, had the higher values of porous structure main characteristics in comparison with the initial active carbon fabric. The nature of distribution of fine metal particles at the active carbon fabric surface was investigated by the electronic microscopy method. It was found that during the chemical reduction process the particles of fine copper attached to active carbon fabric fibers, being almost evenly distributed at all surface of fabric. Particles of silver were located as crystal congestions along fibers. Sorption and bactericidal properties of the received samples of modified active carbon fabrics are investigated. Their high sensitivity to microorganism cells which remains during a long storage period is demonstrated. Herewith, the active carbon fabric, modified with particles of fine copper and silver, keeps high sorption properties.
In the processes of agricultural products production a sufficiently large amount of solid wastes which contain high molecular weight hydrocarbons such as lignin, cellulose, etc. is accumulated. However, such wastes are rarely used to produce active carbons, and only technologies with their use for obtaining crushed or powdered sorption materials are known. In the industrial production of granular activated carbon the fossil coals are mainly used. In this work, research was conducted on the development of methods for producing granulated active carbon of spherical form. And the characteristics of their porous structure were studied. The process of granulation of the spherical shape of sorbents was carried out by liquid dispersing composition containing pulverized wastes of vegetable origin and a binder. As plant materials we used walnut shells and peanuts, apricot seed, buckwheat husk, and for comparison, the dust caking coal of SSOM brand. As a binder a phenol formaldehyde resin was used. To remove volatile substances of plant the raw material was subjected to preliminary heat treatment without access of air in a muffle furnace at optimum temperature which was determined by thermogravimetry. Crushed carbon material was mixed with a binder component in a weight ratio of 1:5 and was sprayed into a solution of sulfuric acid with a concentration of 30-35% for the curing of the pellets. The obtained pellets were soaked in acid solution for 24-30 h, were separated from the liquid, were washed with distilled water to pH = 5-6, and were dried first in air and were subjected to heat treatment. The result of the research shows the possibility of regulation of characteristics of the porous structure of the spherical granular activated carbon depending on the plant material. The resulting spherical granules of activated carbon have developed system of micro - and mesopores. Depending on the type of plant waste the received active carbon has a radius of micropores in the range of (0.527-0.635) nm and maximum sorption volume varied from 0.46 to 0.71 cm3/g.Forcitation:Farberova E.A., Tingaeva E.A., Chuchalina A.D., Kobeleva A.R., Maximov A.S. Obtaining granulated active carbon from wastes of vegetable raw materials. Izv. Vyssh. Uchebn. Zaved. Khim. Khim. Tekhnol. 2018. V. 61. N 3. P. 51-57
The present work is devoted to the study of the dependence of ammonia chemical absorber properties on the conditions of the absorber synthesis. As a chemical absorber carrier the granulated active carbon of AG type with sorption space maximum volume of 0.512 cm3/g and with micropore volume of 0.414 cm3/g was used. The copper sulfate (II) salt was taken as an ammonia-reactive additive. Samples of the chemical absorber were obtained by impregnating the carbon carrier with a hot solution of the active component. The impregnating solution was prepared by two methods: traditional one, with dissolving the salt sample in hot water and the second one, with the use of ultrasonic treatment. It was found that with an increase in CuSO4 total content in the absorber to 9% by weight the proportion of bound (inactive) copper decreased; however, at the content above this value the share of bound (inactive) copper (II) form in the chemical absorber practically did not change. The presence of oxygen-containing functional groups with basic character on the active carbon surface leads to their interaction with copper (II) ions of the impregnating solution and deactivates them as related to ammonia. The change in the nature of the chemical absorber porous structure when adding a copper sulfate (II) active additive onto the surface of the active AG coal depending on conditions of impregnating solution preparation and the semi-product drying rate is shown. Studies on the use of ultrasound in the preparation of copper sulfate solution have been conducted. Such use leads to the formation of active additive crystallites on the carrier surface. These crystallites are of much smaller size (1–5 nm) in comparison with ones formed by the thermal method of solution preparation (8–12 nm). Herewith, the capacity of the chemical absorber as related to ammonia increases by 3.5–4.5 times.
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