The article reviews research on the problem of interrelationship between different physical and psychosocial factors in type 1 diabetes mellitus (DM1). The authors consider methodological principles of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) assessment in DM1 patients and stress the need for an integrated biopsychosocial approach to the management of the disease. DM1 is a chronic metabolic disease with an absolute requirement for insulin replacement therapy. The stress-inducing nature of DM1 is associated with its unexpected and dramatic manifestation in juvenile years, life-threatening nature of severe hypo-/hyperglycaemias and long-term complications, with the burden of diabetes self-management, threat of work disability, employment and career problems etc. These features of DM1 increase the likelihood of the development of anxiety and depressive disorders, which, in turn, may negatively influence the course of diabetes and in particular, diabetes self-care. This necessitates early diagnosis of emotional and behavioral disturbances in DM1 using self-report instruments as well as clinical assessment. Evidence suggests that active problem-focused coping behavior and adequate social support promote adherence to diabetes regimes and may act as a buffer against negative effects of the disease on HRQoL in DM1 patients. The core element in the HRQoL structure is personal disease picture (as opposed by objective clinical picture) -the cognitive-affectivebehavioral complex reflecting the patient's personal perception of the disease. Examination of the personal disease picture and attitude towards the ailment in DM1 patients may help to improve understanding of the mechanisms of poor adjustment. Problems in disease adjustment can be detected also by diabetes-specific HRQoL assessment. The measures of HRQoL can be applied as screening instruments useful in increasing the effectiveness of patient-provider interactions and diabetes care. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, psychosocial factors, disease adjustment, health-related quality of life, psychological assessmentEl artículo revisa la investigación del problema de la interrelación entre diferentes factores físicos y psicosociales en la diabetes melitus tipo 1 (DM1). Los autores consideran los principios de la evaluación de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud (CVRS) en pacientes de DM1 y ponen de manifiesto la necesidad de un abordaje biopsicosocial integrado del manejo de la enfermedad. La DM1 es una enfermedad metabólica crónica con una necesidad absoluta de terapia de reemplazo de insulina. La naturaleza estresante de la DM1 se asocia con su aparición inesperada y dramática durante los años de juventud, la naturaleza peligrosa de las hipo e hiperglucemias y las complicaciones a largo plazo, con la carga del auto-cuidado de la diabetes, la amenaza de discapacidad laboral, problemas de empleo y carrera, etc. Estas características de la DM1 aumentan la probabilidad de desarrollar trastornos de ansiedad y depresivos que, a su vez, pueden afectar negativamente el curso ...

No abstract

No abstract

Objective. To assess attitudes toward disease in patients following cardiac emergencies at early stages of rehabilitation. Design and methods. The study sample consisted of 70 patients (23 females, 47 males) aged 35-67 years (54,5 ± 6,4 years old) hospitalized with myocardial infarction (MI; 55,7 %), unstable angina (18,6 %) or for planned cardiac surgery (25,7 %). The following methods were used: interview, medical records analysis, «Method for psychological diagnostics of attitude towards disease» (Wasserman L.I. et al., 2005). Results. Most patients (48,6 %) have «ergopathic» attitude toward disease characterized by aspiration to overcome disease in order to maintain the level of social activity they had had before the hospitalization. Denial of illness itself was found in 22,9 % cases, denial of possible illness consequences — in 51,4 %. Females, patients with recurrent cardiac attack and those, who had emergent (versus planned) hospitalization were more frustrated by the disease. Males and patients, who survived MI for the first time, were more prone to deny the fact of the disease as well as its possible consequences. Denial of the fact of illness was typical only of patients with the most life-threatening states — MI (compared to unstable angina). This may be regarded as an evidence of defensive/protective character of illness denial. Conclusion. Resistance, active overcoming and denial are predominant psychological tendencies in reaction to illness in patients following cardiac emergencies at early stages of rehabilitation. In case of ineffectiveness of these psychological strategies there is an increased risk of psychosocial disturbances. These characteristics of attitude toward illness in cardiac patients should be taken into account in the treatment and rehabilitation process.

In the current study, the authors evaluated the role of relationship to disease in cardiac patients undergoing vital threat in the formation of the prediction of their mental adaptation in the distant post-hospital period. Longitudinal study (in-hospital and one year after discharge) included two groups: patients with urgent cardiac status (N=47, 36 men, 11 women, age 34 to 66 years) and patients with atrial arrhythmias, passing minimally invasive surgery (N=41, 22 men, 19 women, age 41 to 69 years). In-hospital stage used interviews and tests, questionnaires, and post-hospital stage was conducted using a telephone interview. We found that patients with a history of life-threatening cardiac condition, are less concerned about the disease than patients expecting to be relatively safe after minimally invasive surgery. In the forecast of the emotional status of patients, the severity of anxiety and disturbance of interpersonal relationships in the hospital period play an important role. Predictor of adherence to medical recommendations for men is a high disease concern, and in women – greater emotional stability.