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Background This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (BTX‐A) in the treatment of acne. Methods The study was conducted in 2018 on 12 patients, 10 females and two males, aged 35 years on average. The injections with BTX‐A were given during 2 weeks into the face skin in a dosage of 0.125–0.250 units. Results Skin moisture indexes increased during the therapy by 4% (P ≤ 0.05), and porosity decreased by 7% (P ≤ 0.01). Maximal changes were recorded for the sulci and pigmentation of the skin, namely, its values decreased by 10 and 9%, respectively (P ≤ 0.01). BTX‐A is recommended for an application not only in plastic surgeries but also for local correction of acne on the patient's skin. Conclusion A positive correlation was revealed between the duration of treatment and reduction of skin oiliness (0.87), pigmentation (0.78), skin sulci (0.84), and skin porosity (0.88), and negative correlation was established with increased skin moisture (−0.64). The obtained dependencies apply for the therapy period of up to 2 weeks. Pharmacological properties of BTX‐A allow recommending it as a drug used in post‐acne therapy.

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Frequency-dependent coda attenuation values are often reported; however such measurements usually depend on the types of the Q(f) models employed. We use numerical modeling of Peaceful Nuclear Explosion (PNE) codas at far regional to teleseismic distances to compare two of such models, namely the conventional frequency-dependent Q coda (f) = Q 0 f  and frequency-independent coda attenuation (Q c ) with geometrical attenuation (). The results favor strongly the (, Q c ) model and illustrate the mechanisms leading to apparent Q coda (f) dependencies. Tests for variations of the crustal velocity structures show that the values of  are stable and related to lithospheric structural types, and the inverted Q c values can be systematically mapped into the true S-wave attenuation factors within the crust. Modeling also shows that  could increase in areas where relatively thin attenuating layers are present within the crust; such areas could likely be related to younger and active tectonics. By contrast, when interpreted by using the traditional (Q 0 ,) approach, the synthetic coda shows a strong and spurious frequency dependence with   0.5, which is also similar to the observations. Observed Lg codas from two Peaceful Nuclear Explosions located in different areas in Russia show similar values of   0.75·10 -2 s -1 , which are also remarkably close to the independent numerical predictions. At the same time, coda Q c values vary strongly, from 850 in the East European Platform to 2500 within the Siberian Craton. This suggests that parameters  and Q c could provide stable and transportable discriminants for differentiating between the lithospheric tectonic types and ages, and also for seismic coda regionalization in nuclear test monitoring research.

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Vitamin D is a fat-soluble secosteroid that plays a significant role in the whole body, including the maxillofacial region. The discovery of its receptors in many cells and organs made it possible to reveal the participation of vitamin D not only in the regulation of calcium phosphate metabolism, but also in immune processes, in providing anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial effects, slowing down cell proliferation and stimulating differentiation. In this literature review, we demonstrate the association between low vitamin D levels and the development of recurrent aphthous stomatitis, the course and response to treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity, the severity of periodontal diseases, and the processes of osseointegration and bone remodeling during dental implantation and guided tissue regeneration. The aim of our article was to demonstate a possible connection between vitamin D level and the oral diseases that can be presented at an oral surgery appointment, which will help clinicians to reduce the risk of early dental implant failure, ensure favorable outcomes of augmentative operations, as well as decrease the destructive effects of severe periodontitis and other conditions throug knowledge and timely lab tests and endocrinologist prescriptions.