One of the important tasks of the Russian economy and ecology is development and realization of energy-saving technologies, allowing the most efficient use of both primary and secondary energy resources. In oil, gas and chemical industries, there are processes, in which the potential energy of pressure of hydrocarbon or waste gases is either lost, either recycled with minimum efficiency. The energy lost should be used for low-temperature purification of waste and prepared gases, thus reducing environmental pollution. One way to solve this problem is to develop a vortex technology based on the Rank-Hilsch effect. By efficiency this method of purification exceeds standard throttling systems. This review presents an analysis of both theoretical and technological aspects of research of the vortex effect. different constructions of vortex tube are considered along with the one of the important conditions of its operation and realization in the industry - regulation of the incoming flow. It is shown that the realization of the regenerative scheme with vortex tubes will improve ecological and economic indicators of the core technology. A critical review of existing theories of the Ranque-Hilsch effect is provided. The article reviews the prospects of development of shock-wave mechanism that allows to explain the excessive cooling capacity of triple-flow vortex tubes used for associated petroleum gas treatment.
The practical aspects related to application of three-flow vortex pipes in the systems of low-temperature separation of associated petroleum gas before its giving in the main pipelines are considered in this paper. The conclusion is drawn that due to the use of these pipes the extinguishing of field torches is becoming rather profitable, improving thereby the ecological situation while developing of oil fields.
One of the important tasks for the Russia’s economy and ecology is development and realization of energy and resource saving technologies, allowing the most efficient use of both primary and secondary resources. In oil, gas and chemical industries are widely used processes, in which the potential energy of hydrocarbon or waste gases pressure is either loosing, either recycling with minimum efficiency. The loosing energy should be used for low-temperature purification of waste and prepared gases, thus reducing environmental pollution. One way to solve this problem is to use a vortex technology based on the Rank-Hilsch vortex effect. By efficiency this purification method exceeds manifold standard throttling systems. In this review an analysis related to both theoretical and technological aspects of vortex effect research has been presented. Vortex tubes’ different constructions have been considered along with the incoming flow regulation as the one of the important conditions for these tubes’ operation and realization in the industry. It has been shown that the realization of the regenerative scheme with vortex tubes will improve the core technology’s ecological and economic indicators. A critical review of existing theories related to the Ranque- Hilsch effect has been presented. The development prospects of vortex effect’s shock-wave mechanism allowing explain the excessive cooling capacity of triple-flow vortex tubes used for associated petroleum gas preparation for transportation have been considered.
The article develops a stochastic model of suspensions separation in hydrodynamic filter. Suspensions separation in the filter is carried out due to hydrodynamic force action on suspension flow (first stage of separation) and filtering through a porous membrane (second stage). Pivoting perforated partition is put into filter in front of the porous filtering membrane to increase effectiveness of suspensions separation at stage one. Complex Couette flow develops in the gap between filter bowl and the perforated partition. Specific modes of flow in the gap produce Taylor vortex, size and intensity of which depend on parti-tion’s rotation speed and flow velocity. It produces a flow currently known as Couette-Taylor flow. Multidirectional Taylor vortex arising in the mainstream disrupts its hydrodynamics and creates turbulence. Given such flow, calculation of hard phase separation with use of determinate models can be an error as does not include stochastic processes. The article presents a new analytical model of suspensions separation, which takes in stochastic (probabilistic) separation processes and is based on the theory of Markovian processes. Equations of diffusion type, particularly the Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov equation, are offered to describe process of suspensions separation in hydrodynamic filters with pivoting perforated partition.
Results of experimental investigations related to filtration efficiency of aerosol particles from a dusty air flow by filtering baffles made of porous mesh materials by multiply packages of wire meshes hot rolling in vacuum have been represented. It has been found that capture of aerosol particles in these materials is mainly carried out by mechanisms of inertial capture and contact. The functional connection for particles’ fractional breakthrough coefficient from number of mesh layers in the package and its material porosity has been obtained. The analytical relation between fractional breakthrough coefficient and material porosity and Stokes number has been obtained based on experimental data processing. These studies results allow by appropriate selection of mesh number, quantity of meshes layers in the package and the package compression degree during rolling obtain a filter material with desired performance characteristics.
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