The article is dedicated to the consideration of the main ideas of B. Latour’s book “Science in Action: Following Scientists and Engineers Through the Society”. The main topics of the book are identified, as well as its conceptual framework is described. According to Latour, science in modern society exists through overlapping networks of interaction, including not only individuals and groups, but also material objects that serve to acquire knowledge. At the same time, the specificity of science lies in the fact that in it a person becomes both an object and a participant in the process of obtaining, reproducing and disseminating knowledge.
The article analyzes the contents of the monograph by M. Porter “Competitive Advantage of Nations” in the context of scientific and technological policy. A brief review of the main arguments of the author is given, and the most significant aspects of his theory of
international competition are highlighted. The chapter in which the author analyzes the role of the government in increasing the international competitiveness of the state is considered with particular attention. The general conclusions of the monograph used to emphasize the importance of a flexible, long-term oriented science and technology policy. It is emphasized that the paradigm of international competition proposed by the author implies highlighting science policy as a special area of government activity if the goal is to achieve a high level of competitiveness on the world stage. In this regard, special attention is given to the study of issues related to the multifactorial, strategic orientation of the policy in the field of science and technology, which should be focused on the long term, and not just on solving current market problems.
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