Дослiджено динамiку цитотоксичної активностi натуральних кiлерних клiтин (NK-клiтин) та метаболiчної активностi нейтрофiлiв у хворих на диференцiйований рак щитовидної залози пiсля радiойодотерапiї (РЙТ) залежно вiд вiку та наявностi вiддалених метастазiв. Виявлено, що у хворих з вiддаленими метастазами молодого вiку (29,0 ± 1,1 рокiв) активнiсть NK-клiтин вища, нiж у хворих з вiддаленими метастазами старшого вiку (52,6 ± 1,2 рокiв). У раннiй термiн пiсля РЙТ активнiсть NK-клiтин у хворих iз вiддаленими метастазми максимально знижена вiдносно вихiдного значення в обох вiкових групах. Пiсля РЙТ активнiсть NK-клiтин у хворих без вiддалених метастазiв не змiнюється протягом усього термiну спостереження. У хворих з вiддаленими метастазами зниження активностi NK-клiтин триває бiльше пiвроку, що свiдчить про ушкодження функцiї. Активнiсть нейтрофiлiв у раннiй термiн пiсля РЙТ пiдвищується бiльшою мiрою у пацiєнтiв молодого вiку без вiддалених метастазiв. У хворих на диференцiйований рак щитовидної залози молодого вiку вплив РЙТ на активнiсть NK-клiтин та нейтрофiлiв залежить вiд наявностi вiддалених метастазiв.
The physical and biological features of using protons and heavy ions in the treatment of malignant tumours were reviewed. It is showed that proton therapy is an effective method for treatment of malignant tumours, which has certain benefits comparing photon therapy. This modality may be recommended to 10-15 % of oncological patients. Carbon ion radiation therapy is especially perspective as it has local relative biological effectiveness till 2,0-3,5. The clinical efficacy of charged particles therapy at most expansive tumours was revealed. The cost efficacy of this type of radiation therapy was given.
Key words: proton therapy, ion therapy, charged particles therapy, clinical efficacy of charged particles therapy.
The methodical features of using of the positron emission tomography with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose in pediatric oncological patients and variations of normal distribution of radiopharmaceutical in children were revealed. Diagnostic efficacies of PET/CT in different pediatric malignancies were represented. It is showed that the modality is the important additional imaging method of staging, assessment of treatment, and monitoring of the lymphomas, sarcomas and neuroblastomas which can improve the results of treatment. The possibilities of using PET/CT in diagnostics of Wilms’ tumor, hepatoblastomas and germ cell tumors were reviewed.
Key words: positron emission tomography, 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose, pediatric malignancies.
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