The proportion of obese and overweight children is alarmingly high. This dictates the need for promoting healthy lifestyle and eating habits in children. Summer camps provide a wide range of activities to improve children’s health. However, methods used to assess children’s nutritional status during a camp session need to be analyzed in depth, and a rationale should be provided for the use of bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) and anthropometric measurements as efficacy criteria for summer camp healthcare. We examined 125 boys and 221 girls aged 8–15 years spending their summer holidays at 3 different camps. Measurements were taken twice: on days 1 and 2 upon arrival to a camp and 2 days before leaving for home. In each camp, both positive and negative health weight dynamics were observed. The overall weight dynamics in children from camps 1 and 2 were statistically insignificant (p = 0.415 and p = 0.585), in contrast to camp 3 where those changes were significant (p = 0.025). BIA revealed that less than 44.34% of children had gained skeletal muscle mass during their stay at the camp, whereas weight loss was associated with both decreased fat and skeletal muscle masses. BIA confirms the results of anthropometric measurements and also provides information about the diet offered to children and their level of physical activity. Therefore, the use of anthropometric measurements and BIA could be an informative method for assessing the efficacy of healthcare in summer camps.
Данные эпидемиологических исследований свидетельствуют, что питание (качество пищи, соблюдение принципов рационального питания) является важнейшим фактором, определяющим здоровье человека, устойчивость к неблагоприятным факторам окружающей сре-ды. В настоящее время вегетарианство распространено во многих странах мира. По данным Росстата, численность приверженцев вегетарианского типа питания среди российского населения незначительна-около 0,3%. Результаты опроса, проведенного в Канаде в 2002 г., показали, что 4% взрослых придерживаются вегетарианского питания, в Соединенных Штатах вегетарианцами являются
The article deals with the problem of soil contamination with benzpyrene within sanitary-hygienic zone of an oil refinery plant. We proved that benzpyrene penetrated into soils due to oil-containing wastes and sedimentation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from powder-gas discharges on soil surface. Benzpyrene concentration detection at the boundary of a sanitary-hygienic zone provides guidelines for determining discharges spread into the atmosphere from stationary sources; it also serves as an indirect parameter characterizing soil self-purification intensity. We treated benzpyrene content in soils as an informative indicator showing soil horizon contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and heavy oil fractions. Over 2015-2016 66 soil samples were taken and analyzed. We detected benzpyrene concentration with Agilent Technologies 7820A GC System «Maestro» gas chromatograph with mass-selective detector Agilent Technologies 5975 Series MSD in full conformity with ISO 18287: 2006. We compared actual benzpyrene concentrations with maximum permissible concentration (MPC = 0.02 mg/kg), confirmed by Hygienic Standard 2.1.7.2041-06. The results of analyzing the samples as per benzpyrene content revealed that it was higher than maximum permissible concentration (MPC) in all of them. Share of samples with benzpyrene content higher than 1.5 MPC varied from 54.5 % to 90.9 % in different seasons. Some places within sanitary-hygienic zone had high benzpyrene concentration in soils reaching 9.85 MPC. High benzpyrene content in soils proves there is persistent soil horizon contamination with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and soil self-purification slows down. And this, in its turn, causes carcinogenic health risk occurrence (1.08×10-3-6.55×10-3).
Traditionally, anthropometric method is used in clinical practice for the diagnosis of excess body weight. Obesity is the excess development of primarily visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue, which can be diagnosed by bioimpedance analysis (BIA). The study was aimed to assess the role of BIA of body composition in the diagnosis of the physical development disorders in children and adolescents. Anthropometric assessment and BIA were performed in 431 Samara school students aged 12–16 of the health status groups I and II (230 boys and 201 girls). The results were analyzed with the use of the regional regression scores, BAZ indices, and the body fat percentage values. The results of estimation using the regression scores showed that 22.61% of boys and 23.43% of girls were overweight, while more than 2/3 of the sample had a normal pattern of physical development. The BAZ indices revealed a significantly higher proportion of overweight children among boys (25.7%), than among girls (11.5%, p < 0.01). The body fat percentage fluctuations based on the BIA data were found not only in children with disharmonious physical development, but also in 60% of children with normal body weight. Moreover, the data of BIA confirmed the body weight fluctuations, revealed with the use of the regression scores, in the significantly larger number of cases compared to the low body weight and excess body weight, diagnosed based on the BAZ indices. Accordingly, anthropometric analysis with the use of the regional regression scores may be used at the baseline for the early diagnosis of the nutritional status disorders in children. To confirm overweight and obesity in children, as well as to provide further treatment, the reliable method for estimation of the body fat content is required, which may be the method of BIA.
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