In the present article the pigments palette of a parchment handwritten fragment from the collection of Finnish fragments N 29 (Library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Finnish fragment 29, old code - 4.9.28), dating from the XIV century, was investigated. This manuscript has not been restored earlier. With the aid of Raman spectroscopy technique it was found the use of cinnabar for red shades, the mixture of indigo and gypsum pigments in various ratios for blue shades and a mixture of sulfur-arsenic pigments (orpiment and pararealgar) for yellow shades. It was performed the study of the characteristic luminescence detection capability of the pigments at the real (non-model) samples, when excited by laser radiation of various wavelengths.
Damage to paper (sulfate pulp, cotton half-stuff, and flax half-stuff) caused by the Aspergillus niger , A. sclerotiorum , and Penicillium chrysogenum fungi is investigated by Raman spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the use of application infrared Fourier-transform absorption spectroscopy allows one to identify the initial stages of damage from a decrease in the degree of crystallinity of the cellulose contained in paper. The absorption band near 900 cm^–1 is used as an indicator of early stages of damage. An increase in the amide II peak at 1550 cm^–1 and spectral changes in the region of valence vibrations of the C–H bonds (2800–3000 cm^–1) are observed in the case of heavier damage. The obtained data indicate that the vibrational spectroscopy techniques are promising in the study of damage of archive documents.
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