Морфологический и молекулярно-генетический подходы к изучению рода Dactylorhiza в Республике Коми Работа выполнена при поддержке Комплексной программы фундаментальных исследований Уральского отделения Российской академии наук на 2018 год, проект № АААА-А17-117121270031-2 (18-4-4-23) «Генетическое разнообразие редких видов Европейского северо-востока России: инвентаризация и прогноз устойчивости к глобальным изменениям климата» и частично гранта РФФИ № 16-44-110167 р_а Представлены результаты изучения видов рода Dactylorhiza Neck. ex Nevski на территории Республики Коми. На основании анализа маркерных последовательностей ДНК (ITS1-5.8S-ITS2) и 19 морфометрических признаков 480 растений изучено 16 ценопопуляций видов рода в регионе. Совместное использование морфологического и молекулярно-генетического подходов позволило подтвердить произрастание на территории Республики Коми 4 видов: Dactylorhiza fuchsii (Druce) Soό, D. maculata (L.) Soό, D. incarnata (L.) Soό s. l. (включая D. cruenta (O. F. Muell) Soó) и D. traunsteineri (Saut.) Soó. D. cruentа, повидимому, стоит рассматривать как подвид (или разновидность) D. incarnata. Приведены морфологические признаки, позволяющие разделить виды внутри рода, ими стали ширина губы и шпорца, длина прицветника, ширина нижних листьев. Получены новые молекулярно-филогенетические данные для этих видов. Вопрос о наличии D. baltica (Klinge) Orlova на территории региона остается открытым и требует дополнительных исследований.

Due to specific biological features, high ornamental value and low resistance to anthropogenic factors, Orchidaceae species belong to the most vulnerable plants. To successfully protect their populations, comprehensive investigations of orchid biology and ecology are necessary. Long-term population studies are the most valuable. The paper presents data of population studies of Dactylorhiza traunsteineri, an orchid species listed in the Red Data Book of the Russian Federation. The field investigations have been conducted in the Komi Republic where the orchid species is located at the northeastern limit of its range. The seasonal development of D. traunsteineri lasts from May to August. We found the weather factors (air temperature, precipitations) impact features of small and big life cycles of this orchid species. The size of plant individuals is influenced by weather conditions of both the current and previous vegetative season. The number of generative (flowering) individuals per population had a positive correlation with the air temperature and humidity in August of the previous vegetative season. The fruit set of D. traunsteineri is high (50.4%). This parameter is negatively correlated with the air temperature at the flowering period, while it is positively correlated with precipitation values. The seed number per capsule (4090 seeds in average) was higher than it is known for other Dactylorhiza species in the Komi Republic. The real seed production is associated with the moisture content level during the vegetative season. The seed production of D. traunsteineri was high, from 88 000 to 199 000 seeds per 1 m 2 in different study years. The presence of juvenile individuals (3.5-9.4%) over all study years indicates a successful seed reproduction in this population. This parameter was positively correlated with precipitation, air temperature in August, and seed production at the previous vegetative season.

Occurrences of the invasive plant species Heracleum sosnowskyi Manden. in the Komi Republic (northeastern part of European Russia) were recorded and published in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF http://www.gbif.org) using the RIVR information system (http://ib.komisc.ru/add/rivr/en). RIVR stands for “Rasprostranenie Invasionnyh Vidov Rastenij” [Occurrence of Invasion Plant Species]. This citizen science project aims at collecting occurrence data about invasive plant species with the help of citizen scientists. Information can be added by any user after a simple registration (concept) process. However, the data published in GBIF are provided only by professional scientists. The total study area is approximately 19,000 km2. The GBIF resource contains 10894 Heracleum sosnowskyi occurrence points, each with their geographical coordinates and photographs of the plants in the locus of growth. The preliminary results of species distribution modelling on the territory of European North-East Russia presented.

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